(3) The correct sequence as per constitution of India of all the writs under article 32 are: Habeas Corpus, mandamus, Prohibition, Certiorari and Quo Warranto at last.

(2) The sequence of political as well as the administrative steps taken by the British administration in India is as follows: Morley-Minto Reform in 1909, Montague-Chelmsford report in 1919, Simon commission in 1927 and Cripps Mission in 1942.

(3) A–(III) B–(IV) C–(II) D–(I)
Indian National Congress – Umbrella Party
Telugu Desam party – Regional party
Kerala Congress – State party
Communist Party of India – National Party

(2) Montague Chelmsford Report, 1918
The Montague-Chelmsford reforms were set out in the government of India act of 1919. If the British thought that they would be welcomed by Indians but they were mistaken. Many Indians had fought with British in the war. The congress and the League had come together, calling for safe rule, and they were disappointed by the new structure. At a session of congress in August 1918 the reforms were condemned as ‘inadequate, unsatisfactory and disappointing’. Only moderates in Congress supported the measures and they were excluded from the party. The local people had more say in how their country was governed but the British maintained their power by ensuring that the viceroy had the authority to govern India.

(2) Both the statements are true but they don’t have any relation among them. The second statement is not a reason behind the assertion made in the first statement.

(1) A–(III) B–(IV) C–(II) D–(I)
Article 359 – Suspension of fundamental rights
Article 312 – All Indian Services
Article 280 – Finance Commission
Article 360 – Financial emergency

(2) Shafritz and Russell
Shafritz and Russell has provided 18 definitions of public administration. They have categorised all these definitions under four heads that are political, legal, occupational and managerial.

(1) The administrative management theory by Henri Fayol. He did not made any distinction between public and private administration. Fayol was a French who had worked in a coal industry for over thirty years. This theory focuses on the organization as a whole. In his book, Henri identified five key functional areas which include; controlling, coordinating, planning, organising and directing.

(1) 1, 2, 3, 4
The Correct sequence of the report related to administration are as follows; A.D Gorwala report in 1951, Paul H. Appleby Report in 1953, Santhanam Committee report in 1962 and Fist Administrative reforms Commission Report 1966.

(4) 3 and 4
Weber applies the term charisma to certain quality of an individual personality, by virtue of which he is set apart from ordinary men and treated as endowed with supernatural, superhuman, or at least specifically exceptional powers or qualities. These are such as are not accessible to the ordinary person, but are regarded as of divine origin or as exemplary, and on the basis of them the individual concerned is treated as a leader.

(2) Budgeting
Budgeting is not one among the bases of Organisation structure according to public administration theorists.

(1) Tax can be levied except by authority of law
In India taxation is a power that is derived from the constitution. The law says that any kind of taxation can be levied only under the legislation made by Parliament of India. Any kind of tax not notified by parliamentary act or any legislative law by state legislative is invalid and unconstitutional.

(3) A–(III) B–(IV) C–(I) D–(II)
Hierarchy–Scalar Process
Report on public Administration– A.D Gorwala
Preliminary Screening–Dr. K.S Kothari
Auxiliary Agency–Housekeeping

(4) Maharashtra
The State of Maharashtra is the first and pioneer State in India to introduce the concept of Lokayukta by enacting the Maharashtra Lokayukta and UPA-Lokayuktas Act, 1971 in view of the recommendations made by the Administrative Reforms Commission headed by Late Shri Morarji Desai in 1966.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Spoils system is a practice in which a political party, after winning an election, gives government civil service jobs to its supporters, friends, and relatives as a reward for working toward victory, and as an incentive to keep working for the party. Both assertion and Reason is true and Second statement is a reason behind assertion statement.

(3) A–(III) B–(I) C–(IV) D–(II)
E.H Carr – The twenty year crisis
R. Keohane – Neorealism and its critics
J.Mearsheimer – The Tragedy of great power politics
F. Zakaria – From Wealth to Power

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the right explanation of (A).
Yes, It’s true that globalization is a multidimensional process and it involves interaction of economic, political, social, cultural aspects of different countries with each other.

(2) Asymmetric war
Asymmetrical warfare, unconventional strategies and tactics adopted by a force when the military capabilities of belligerent powers are not simply unequal but are so significantly different that they cannot make the same sorts of attacks on each other. Guerrilla warfare, occurring between lightly armed partisans and a conventional army, is an example of asymmetrical warfare. Terrorist tactics, such as hijackings and suicide bombings, are also considered to be asymmetrical, both because they tend to involve a smaller, weaker group attacking a stronger one and also because attacks on civilians are by definition one-way warfare. War between a country that is both able and willing to use nuclear weapons and a country that is not would be another example of asymmetrical warfare.

(2) Goldstone Report
A UN fact-finding mission, headed by Judge Richard Goldstone, was established in April 2009. The mission published its 574-page report in September 2009. The report called for both parties, Hamas and Israel, to investigate their own actions and accused both of deliberately targeting civilians.

(2) Chapter VI, Article 33
Article 33 of the Charter states that any dispute that is likely to endanger the maintenance of international peace and security should first be addressed through negotiation, mediation or other peaceful means, and states that the Council can call on the parties to use such means to settle their dispute.

(4) (ii), (iii) and (iv) are correct.

(2) Climate Change
World leaders struck a new political accord to address climate change at the 2009 U.N. Climate Summit in Copenhagen, Denmark. The accord provided for explicit emission pledges by all major economies–including, for the first time, China and other major developing countries.

(2) A–(II) B–(IV) C–(I) D–(III)
Organisation of American States-1948
North Atlantic Free trade agreement-1994
Arab Maghreb Union (AMU) – 1989
South East Asian Treaty Organisation-1954

(2) Both (A) and (R) are true but (R) is not the right explanation of (A).
Yes, Its true that India is pursuing a positive asymmetry in south Asia. India is also contained by Pakistan and China partnership. Both the statement are true but the second statement is not a true reason behind the assertion statement.

(3) Ayesha Siddiqa Ada
Pakistan’s Arms Procurement and Military Buildup, 1979-99: In Search of a Policy was written by Ayesha Siddiqa Ada. This book presents a fundamental departure in presenting an analysis of the internal dynamics of defence management and decision making in Pakistan – a new nuclear weapon state. This is an in-depth study of Pakistan’s security link with its arms suppliers and defence industrial capacity, and the influence of Pakistan’s Army on conventional and non-conventional defence decisions.

(3) G.H. Sabine
In his criticism of Lenin led revolution and his theory of revolution in Russian, G.H Sabine said that “Lenin’s party was designed to be an elite, a minority chosen for intellectual and moral superiority, the most advanced part of the working class and its vanguard”.

(3) The Laws
The Nocturnal Council is, as it were, the finishing strokes of Plato’s Laws. Because in Book XII it is going to be introduced as a perfect and permanent safeguard for the regime and its laws of Magnesia. The Nocturnal Council is to consist of the ten oldest Guardians of the Laws; the Supervisor of Education and his predecessors; the Auditors; and younger citizens between the ages of thirty and forty whom each elder member of this body is to associate himself with.

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
Yes. Its true that for Aristotle the authority of a constitutional ruler over his subjects is quite different from that of a master over his slaves. According to Aristotle the slave is inferior from birth and incapable of ruling himself.

(1) A–(II) B–(III) C–(I) D–(IV)
Willmoore Kendall – John Locke and the Doctrine of Majority-rule
J.W. Gough – John Locke’s Political Philosophy
M.W. Cranston – John Locke, A Biography
Richard Cox – Locke on Peace and War

(3) J.J. Rousseau
According to Jean Jacques Rousseau, the feelings, affections and bond of family life the joy and beauty of motherhood, man’s love for arts and beauty are of eternal value and man should cultivate all these seriously and sincerely. The cultivation of all these will give man real joy and satisfaction. He believes that there is no place of reason in all these things. He believes that science cannot give man proper satisfaction in life. He said “Science is the fruit of idle curiosity, philosophy is mere intellectual frippery the amenities of polite life are tinsel”.

(3) Disalienation from species-being
In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts, Marx discusses four aspects of the alienation of labour, as it takes place in capitalist society: one is alienation from the product of labour; another is alienation from the activity of labour; a third is alienation from one’s own specific humanity; and a fourth is alienation from others, from society. There is nothing mysterious about this fourfold breakdown of alienation. It follows from the idea that all acts of labour involve an activity of some sort that produces an object of some sort, performed by a human being (not a work animal or a machine) in some sort of social context.

(1) R.R. Diwakar
According to R.R Diwakar “it is not Gandhi who made Satyagraha but it is Satyagraha which made Gandhi the Mahatma”. He also said that Satyagraha would outlive him, the Gandhian model offers norms and techniques for our age.

(4) Mexico
Naren arrived in San Francisco on 14 June 1916. Next morning newspapers carried the news in banner headline ‘a dangerous Hindu revolutionary, German spy, lands in the USA’. Naren quickly left his hotel and went to Stanford University to meet Professor Dhanagopal Mukherjee, the younger brother of a corevolutionary, who changed Naren’s name to Manabendra Nath Roy. Dhanagopal introduced him as Manabendra Nath Roy to Dr David Jordan, the progressive minded President of the University. In Dr Jordan’s house, Roy met Evelyn Trent whom he later married in New York where Roys took shelter in the house of Lala Lajpat Rai.

(3) Aurobindo Ghose
Aurobindo Ghose in Savitri said ‘God had appeared to him in prison, placed the Gita in his hands and made him realize the simple truths of the Sanatana Dharma’.

(2) all forms of political activitygovernmental as well as nongovernmental and all political phenomena
Comparative Politics is the study of all forms of political activitygovernmental as well as non-governmental and all political phenomena.

(2) 1, 4, 2 and 3
In Comparative Politics, Philosophical Approach was evolved in the primary stage and then evolved the Behavioural Approach, this was followed by Systems Approach and the next in line was New Institutional Approach.

(1) 2, 1, 4 and 3
The politics of modernization book was written by David Apter in 1965. Political Order in Changing Societies book by Samuel P. Huntington was written in 1968. Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America: Historical Studies book by Andre Gunder Frank was written in 1967. How Europe Underdeveloped Africa Book was written by Walter Rodney in 1972.

(2) Article 2
Article II, Section 2: Treaty Power and Appointments. The Constitution provides, in the second paragraph of Article II, Section 2, that “the President shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur.”

(1) A–(IV) B–(I) C–(II) D–(III)
In Switzerland both Houses have equal powers. In America upper house is more powerful than lower house. In India Lower House is more powerful than Upper House. In France national assembly can overthrow the government.

(2) American Political System
A pocket veto occurs when a bill fails to become law because the president does not sign the bill and cannot return the bill to Congress within a 10- day period because Congress is not in session. The Caucus System, used by the New Jersey State Senate between 1949 and 1966, and again from 1968 to 1974, was a rule utilized by Republicans that no bill could advance to the Senate floor for a vote unless a majority of members of the majority caucus supported it. When a bill reaches a committee it is placed on the committee’s calendar. A bill can be referred to a subcommittee or considered by the committee as a whole. It is at this point that a bill is examined carefully and its chances for passage are determined. If the committee does not act on a bill, it is the equivalent of killing it. The Committee Chair has the right to “pigeonhole” (not assign or hear debate on the bill) thus killing it.

(1) 1 and 4
Harold Wilson and Tony Blair both belong to the Labour party. Wilson holds a number of other records: he was the first Labour prime minister to be elected for 13 years, following his win at the general election of 1964; he is the longest-serving Labour prime minister of the 20th century; and he won four out of the five general elections he contested – more than any other postwar British leader. Anthony Charles Lynton “Tony” Blair (born 6 May 1953) is a former Labour Party Prime Minister of the United Kingdom. He was Prime Minister from May 1997 until June 2007.

(4) until death or resignation or removal by the Congress
The U.S. Constitution doesn’t specifically grant Supreme Court justices a lifetime appointment. Instead, Article III, Section 1, states that federal judges “shall hold their Offices during good Behavior” and… that’s it. As long as federal judges don’t commit a crime — and remember their pleases and thank you — they keep their seat. The phrase “during good Behavior” translates to a lifetime appointment because the Founders set no specific term or age limit for service. This means that the only actions that can remove a federal judge are death, resignation, or impeachment by Congress.

(3) The Swiss Federal Tribunal
The Swiss Federal Tribunal has the power to declare laws passed by the state or the constituent unit of the federation invalid but not the federal laws.

(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).
Britain is a Constitutional Monarchy. It has a queen as its nominal head, But all the decision of the government and policy is taken under parliamentary system set under the constitution. Hence, Both the statement are correct and second statement is a correct reason behind the assertion statement.

(1) B.R. Ambedkar
B.R Ambedkar said “Since Indians wish to unite and develop a common culture, it is the bounden duty of all Indians to own up Hindi as their language. Any Indian who does not accept this proposal, has no right to be Indian.”

(1) Rajni Kothari
Rajni Kothari in his scholarly work described India as an Apolitical Society.

(3) Montague Chelmsford Reforms Act, 1919
The system of ‘Diarchy’ or a kind of double government in the Provinces was introduced by Montague Chelmsford Reform Act 1919. Provincial subjects were divided into two categories “Transferred and Reserved.” Transferred subjects which were public health, education, local self-government, and agriculture were under the control of Minister; likewise all transferred subjects were unimportant. Reserved subjects included administration, police, land revenue etc. which were under the control of Governor with the help of his secretaries. It was an indirect control over transferred department by reserved department. Hence, Governor was the head of transferred and reserved subjects.

(3) Morris Jones
W.H. Morris-Jones, a leading scholar of South Asian Studies, has identified three distinctive idioms or languages of Indian Politics which he has termed as modern, traditional and saintly. The modern idiom can be noticed in the languages of the constitution and of the law courts and the higher administration, the traditional idiom is the language of the villages, of the castes and of the tribes and communities whereas the idiom of saintly politics refers to the politics of Mahatma Gandhi and Vinoba Bhave.

(3) If a new political party assumes power at the Centre, it has the authority to dismiss Ministries formed by other parties in the States.
S. R. Bommai case was a landmark judgment of the Supreme Court of India, where the Court discussed at length provisions of Article 356 of the Constitution of India and related issues. This case had a huge impact on CentreState Relations. If a new political party assumes power at the Centre, it has the authority to dismiss Ministries formed by other parties in the States. This is not art of Bommai case.

(2) A–(II) B–(IV) C–(I) D–(III)
Public Accounts Committee – 22
Estimates Committee – 30
Department related Parliamentary
Standing Committee – 45
Rules Committee of Lok Sabha – 15

(1) Both (A) and (R) are true and (R) is the correct explanation of (A).
The principles of justice says that justice should not only be done but should manifestly and undoubtedly be seen to be done. To manifest this commitment toward just the Courts follow the principle of natural justice while deciding cases.

(4) Value orientation
There are five stages in the chronology of the evolution of Public Administration as a discipline: Stage 1: politics administration dichotomy (1887–1926) Stage 2: principles of administration (1927–1937) Stage 3: era of challenge (1938–1947) Stage 4: crises of identity (1948–1970) Stage 5: public policy perspective (1970–Present) The Public Policy perspective ask for move value orientation in administration principles.

(4) Delegation
According to Mooney, delegation means conferring of specified authority by a higher to a lower authority. It means that delegation is the devolution of authority by a superior person to his agent or subordinate subject to his supervision and control.

(2) Administrative
Five Functional requisites of any Society. According to F.W Riggs, there are five functional requisites for any society 1. Economic, 2. Social 3. Communicational 4. Symbolic and 5. Political. He has been of the opinion that the same set of functional requisites applies to an administrative subsystem.

(2) Speculative activity
Herbert Simon, the Nobel Prize winning researcher, showed that humans went through three essential stages in the act of problem solving. He called these the Intelligence, Design, and Choice stages. Decision making can also be considered as a type of problem solving.

(3) Cooperative authoritative
The four management systems as identified by Likert were: Exploitative Authoritative, Benevolent Authoritative, Consultative and Participative. In his view, the closer the organisational characteristics are to the Participative system, the more satisfied and therefore more productive employees will be.

(2) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A).

(2) Committee of Ways and Means
A ways and means committee is a government body that is charged with reviewing and making recommendations for government budgets. Because the raising of revenue is vital to carrying out governmental operations, such a committee is tasked with finding the ways and means with which to raise that revenue.

(3) A–(III) B–(I) C–(II) D–(IV)
The Administrative State – Dwight Waldo
The Art of Administration – Ordway Tead
Public Administration – Piffner and Presthus
Organization and Management – Seckler Hudson

(2) Parliament
Principle of Annuality also implies that the money left unspent in a year must also lapse to the public treasury and government should not be able to spend it unless it is re-sanctioned in next year’s budget. This is called Rule of Lapse and is useful as an effective tool of financial control. When the Lok Sabha is dissolved, all business including bills, motions, resolutions, notices, petitions and so on pending before it or its committees lapse. They must be reintroduced in the newly-constituted Lok Sabha to be pursued further.

(2) (i) (iii) (ii) (iv)
Churchill’s Fulton Speech – 1946
Launching of the African Union – 2002
A treaty to create Southeast Asian Nuclear weapon free zone – Bangkok Treaty 1995.
Recognition of South Sudan as a sovereign State and 193rd member of the U.N. – 2011

(4) (i), (ii), (iii)

(2) George Schwarzenberger
Non-alignment was defined by George Schwarzenberger as “a policy of keeping out of alliances”.

(1) U.S.A., Canada and Mexico
The North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is a treaty entered into by the United States, Canada, and Mexico; it went into effect on January 1, 1994. (Free trade had existed between the U.S. and Canada since 1989; NAFTA broadened that arrangement.)

(2) Kenneth Waltz
Kenneth Waltz in his book ‘Man, the State and War’ he discussed the three images of politics.

(3) 1, 2, 3
South-South Cooperation is an alternative to North-South Aid. It refers to co-operative mutually beneficial activities in the field of trade, service and technology. UN General Assembly declared 19 December the annual UN Day for South-South Cooperation. WTO came into existence for facilitating Globalisation.

(2) Eviction of Taliban regime from Afghanistan
The operation was launched to stop the Taliban from providing a safe haven to al Qaeda and to stop al Qaeda’s use of Afghanistan as a base of operations for terrorist activities.

(4) China
The BIMSTEC member states—Bangladesh, India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Thailand, Nepal and Bhutan—are among the countries dependent on the Bay of Bengal.

(2) It stands for strategic cooperation at regional level.
Objectives of Asean are to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region through joint endeavours. To promote regional peace and stability through abiding respect for justice and the rule of law. To encourage active collaboration and mutual assistance on matters of common interest in Economic, Social, Cultural, Technical, Scientific and Administrative fields.

(2) Secretary General Boutros Boutros Ghali Report 1992 ‘An Agenda for Peace’
An Agenda for Peace: Spearheading of Reform Culture at the United Nations report was published by Secretary General Boutros BoutrosGhali (1992). The changing and evolving context of the international community urges the modification of traditional peacekeeping measures pursued by the United Nations. Conflicts should be resolved by preventive diplomacy, peacemaking, and peace-keeping.

(4) A, B and C
The first three points are true regarding the British Parliamentary system. This system is also followed in India.

(2) U.S.A.
There is separate constitution for each state in united states of America, Canada, Pakistan and Australia have only one constitution.

(2) Germany-Contous
Contous are the terminology of state used is Switzerland not in Germany.

(1) OAS
The main objectives of OAS (Organisation of American states) was to inculcate mutual understanding and cooperation amongst the nations of western hemisphere. ASEAN (Association of south-east Asian Nations), SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional cooperation) and ECOWAS (Economic community of west African states) are regional Economic organisations.

(2) National perspectives
Marxian view treats international politics as an extension of class war in national perspective.

(1) 1, and 3
There connot be a universally acceptable definition of a system. The variable differ from place to place and there variables are always in state of flux.

(1) A–4 B–3 C–1 D–2
A. Morgenthau — Realist School
B. Bernard Coher — Decision making approach
C. Morton Kaplan — Systems Theory
D. Emile Berd — Game Theory

(3) C. McClelland
C. McClelland propounded the system’s theory.

(1) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
The new leftist like Herbert Marcuse, Fanon, etc, have based their main principles or Das Capital. Here, both the statements are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.

(4) pluralists, individualist and Marxist in turn
Laski’s theory has the features of pluralist, Individualist and Marxist, all the three.

(1) Absolute sovereignty
Absolute sovereignty is an apt description of Bodin’s theory of sovereignty. He gave this theory in his book “Republic” is 1576.

(2) Spencer
Spencer had first used the concept of social structure in his book ‘principles of sociology’ and has considered state as thing organism.

(2) to explain the basis of political obligation
The theory of social contract explains the basis of political obligation. In words of Lindsay, “The stress is on the point that the governance is based on mutual consent of individuals”.

(2) Rawls
The idea of social contract has been recently revived by John Rawls.

(1) A–4 B–3 C–2 D–1
A. The state in soul writ large- Plato
B. The state is coordinating and adjusting – Ernest Barker
C. The state has the monopoly of legitimate physical force – Weber.
D. The state is self realizing and selfactualising individual – Hegal.

(1) Six Henry Maine
The Historical theory of the origin of the state was given by Sir Henry Maine. It stressed on two points:
(i) State is result of development, and
(ii) Various factors are responsible for development of state.

(3) Marxist-Leninist Theory
Marx and Lenin gave importance to class struggle in the origin of state.

(2) Green
This statement was given by T.H. Green is relation to his views about origin of state.

(3) Bentham
Bentham is supporter of legal theory of rights, which states that rights and creation of law.

(2) difference principle
Rawl’s principle of distributive justice is based in the notion of “Difference Principle” (Book-Theory of Justice)

(3) legal rights
Bentham was the supporter of theory of Legal rights.

(3) A.V. Dicey
A.V. Dicey differentiates between legal and political sovereignty. Legal sovereignty is the supreme power to formulate and execute laws and political sovereignty is the power of electorates.

(4) Rousseau
This statement has been given by Rousseau.

(2) Macpherson
C.B. Macpherson in his book, “Political theory of possessive Individualism” has transformed classical liberalism into a kind of welfarism.

(1) John Locke
In the words of Locke. “Every man has a property in his own person. Thus nobody has any right to, but himself. The labour of his body, and the work of his hands, are properly his whatever, then he removes and of the state that nature both provided and left it is, he has mixed his labour with it and joined to it something that is his own and thereby makes it his property.

(1) Rousseau
Rousseau has made distinction between the real will and actual will. The actual will is selfish, irrational, personal motivated and self-oriented. The real will is something higher, nobler and supreme. It wishes the good of all.

(1) anarchism
This observation belongs to Anarchism. The main anarchist were Proudhan, Gandhi.

(2) piece-meal social engineering
Karl Popper has advocated the concept of piece-meal social engineering.

(2) class contradictions were removed
Karl Marx said that equality in society can be established only if the class contradiction are removed. This will end the class struggle and then state will wither away i.e. stateless and classless society will be established where the basis will be “each according to his ability and each according to his needs”.

(1) Positive law
The Monistic theory of sovereignty upholds the primacy of ‘positive law’.