Correct Answer: (2) Nizam of Hyderabad
Solution: The Nizam of Hyderabad entered into a Standstill Agreement with India in
November 1947, which was meant to maintain the status quo while further negotiations about the state’s accession were underway.

Correct Answer: (4) Hyderabad, Junagadh, Kashmir
Solution: The princely states of Hyderabad, Junagadh, and Kashmir showed reluctance
in signing the Instrument of Accession with India during the period of independence, leading to complex political scenarios.

Correct Answer: (2) Muslim League
Solution: The Muslim League was the primary advocate of the ’two-nation theory,’ which
held that Muslims and Hindus were two separate nations with distinct religions, cultures, and social norms. This theory eventually led to the partition of India and the creation of Pakistan in 1947.

Correct Answer: (3) Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Solution: Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Frontier Gandhi, was a prominent
leader in the Indian independence movement, known for his commitment to non-violence and his close association with Mahatma Gandhi. He worked mainly in the North-West Frontier Province.

Correct Answer: (1) (A) – (IV), (B) – (I), (C) – (II), (D) – (III)
Solution: The correct matches are:
– (A) S.A. Dange – Communist Party of India (IV)
– (B) Shyama Prasad Mukherjee – Bharatiya Jana Sangh (I)
– (C) Minoo Masani – Swatantra Party (II)
– (D) Ashok Mehta – Praja Socialist Party (III)

Correct Answer: (4) Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar
Solution: Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar was a prominent leader of the anti-caste movement and founded the Independent Labour Party in 1936. He dedicated his life to fighting social discrimination against Dalits and improving their socio-economic status.

Correct Answer: (3) Verghese Kurien
Solution: Verghese Kurien is known as the Milkman of India for his role in the White
Revolution and the successful implementation of the Operation Flood program, which transformed India into one of the world’s largest milk producers.

Correct Answer: (3) Statement I is correct, but Statement II is incorrect
Solution: Statement I is correct, as the Second Five Year Plan of India focused on building heavy industries such as steel, railways, and energy production. Statement II is incorrect,
as these industries were mainly developed by the public sector under the socialist economic model of the time.

Correct Answer: (2) P.C. Mahalanobis
Solution: The Second Five Year Plan was drafted under the guidance of P.C. Mahalanobis, a renowned Indian statistician. His model focused on the growth of heavy industries
to build a strong economic base for the nation.

Correct Answer: (2) Belgrade
Solution: The first summit of the Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) was held in Belgrade,
Yugoslavia, in 1961. This movement aimed to provide an independent path for countries that did not wish to align with either the US or the Soviet bloc during the Cold War.

Correct Answer: (2) Pakistan
Solution: The Shimla Agreement of 1972 was signed between India and Pakistan to establish a framework for the normalization of bilateral relations and resolving disputes peacefully following the 1971 war.

Correct Answer: (3) K. Kamaraj
Solution: K. Kamaraj proposed the idea in 1963 that senior Congress leaders should
step down from their posts to allow younger party workers to assume leadership roles. This
proposal, known as the Kamaraj Plan, aimed at revitalizing the party and infusing fresh leadership.

Correct Answer: (1) Ram Manohar Lohia
Solution: Ram Manohar Lohia proposed the strategy of ‘Non-Congressism’, advocating
for a unified opposition front against the Congress party to challenge its political dominance in India. This strategy encouraged alliances among various opposition parties to present a strong alternative to the Congress.

Correct Answer: (3) Janata Party
Solution: The Mandal Commission was appointed by the Janata Party government in
1979 to identify and promote the welfare of socially and educationally backward classes in
India. The Commission’s recommendations led to the implementation of reservation policies for Other Backward Classes (OBCs).

Correct Answer: (3) George Fernandes
Solution: The 1974 nationwide railway strike was led by George Fernandes, a wellknown trade union leader. The strike, involving over 1.7 million workers, was one of the
largest industrial actions in independent India and highlighted the grievances of railway employees.

Correct Answer: (3) Akali Dal
Solution: The Akali Dal spearheaded the movement for the formation of Punjabi Suba,
advocating for a separate Punjabi-speaking state. The movement was driven by linguistic and cultural identity, leading to the reorganization of Punjab in 1966.

Correct Answer: (2) E.V. Ramasami Naicker
Solution: E.V. Ramasami Naicker, popularly known as Periyar, was a prominent leader
of the anti-Brahmin movement in Tamil Nadu. He was associated with the Justice Party and later founded the Dravidar Kazhagam, advocating for social reform and rationalism.

Correct Answer: (3) Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation
Solution: BAMCEF stands for Backward and Minority Communities Employees Federation. It is an organization that represents and works for the empowerment of marginalized
and minority communities in India, primarily focusing on social justice and equality.

Correct Answer: (1) (A) – (III), (B) – (II), (C) – (IV), (D) – (I)
Solution: The correct matches are as follows:
(A) H.D. Deve Gowda – June 1996 to April 1997 (III)
(B) I.K. Gujral – April 1997 to March 1998 (II)
(C) V.P. Singh – December 1989 to November 1990 (IV)
(D) Manmohan Singh – May 2004 to May 2014 (I)

Correct Answer: (4) Kanshi Ram
Solution: The Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP) was founded by Kanshi Ram in 1984. The
party was established to represent and advocate for the rights of marginalized communities, including Dalits, Adivasis, and Other Backward Classes (OBCs).

Correct Answer: (2) Shock Therapy
Solution: The economic model known as Shock Therapy was applied in Russia, Central
Asia, and Eastern Europe during the 1990s to transition from centrally planned economies
to market-oriented ones. It involved rapid privatization, market liberalization, and economic restructuring influenced by the World Bank and the IMF.

Correct Answer: (4) 1985
Solution: Mikhail Gorbachev assumed the role of General Secretary of the Communist
Party of the Soviet Union in 1985. His leadership introduced key reforms such as Perestroika (restructuring) and Glasnost (openness), which aimed to modernize the Soviet political and economic system, eventually leading to significant transformations in the Soviet Union.

Correct Answer: (1) Denmark and Sweden
Solution: Denmark and Sweden are members of the European Union that have opted not
to adopt the Euro as their currency. Instead, they continue to use their own national currencies for a combination of political, economic, and national identity-related reasons.

Correct Answer: (3) Security and Foreign Policy
Solution: Established in 1994, the ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) focuses primarily
on matters of Security and Foreign Policy among its participating countries. It serves as a
platform for dialogue and cooperation on issues like conflict prevention, crisis management, and regional security.

Correct Answer: (2) China
Solution: China introduced the ’Open Door’ policy in 1978, marking a pivotal moment
of economic transformation led by Deng Xiaoping. This policy opened China to global trade and foreign investments, transitioning the nation towards a market-driven economy.

Correct Answer: (2) Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman
Solution: In 1966, Sheikh Mujib-ur-Rahman presented a six-point agenda demanding
greater autonomy for East Pakistan (currently Bangladesh). This proposal focused on political and economic self-governance, aiming to grant more authority to East Pakistan over its affairs. The six-point movement became a cornerstone in Bangladesh’s struggle for independence.

Correct Answer: (3) Afghanistan
Solution: In 2007, Afghanistan became a member of the South Asian Association for
Regional Cooperation (SAARC), thereby expanding the membership to eight countries and
enhancing the organization’s regional influence and collaboration efforts.

Correct Answer: (2) China
Solution: China is not considered part of South Asia. The South Asian region primarily
comprises countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Afghanistan, whereas China is classified under East Asia.

Correct Answer: (2) Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
Solution: The Yalta Conference in 1945 featured the ’Big Three’ leaders: Franklin D.
Roosevelt of the United States, Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Joseph
Stalin of the Soviet Union. Together, they laid plans for post-war Europe and agreed to the
establishment of the United Nations.

Correct Answer: (4) 1957
Solution: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was founded in 1957 with
the primary mission of promoting the peaceful utilization of nuclear energy while ensuring
that it is not used for military purposes.

Correct Answer: (2) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
Solution: START stands for the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, a series of agreements between the United States and the Soviet Union (later Russia) aimed at reducing and
limiting the number of strategic offensive weapons.

Correct Answer: (3) Terrorism
Solution: Terrorism is widely recognized as a significant threat to global security. It undermines stability by spreading fear, violence, and disruption across countries and regions, necessitating coordinated international counterterrorism efforts.

Correct Answer: (2) (A) – (III), (B) – (I), (C) – (IV), (D) – (II)
Solution:
The correct matching is:
– (A) Mapuche are indigenous to **Chile (III)**.
– (B) The Kuna Tribe resides **East of Panama Canal (I)**.
22
– (C) The Indigenous people of the Cordillera Region are found in the **Philippines (IV)**.
– (D) The Tribal people of the Chittagong Hill Tracts are from **Bangladesh (II)**.

Correct Answer: (3) 1997
Solution: The Kyoto Protocol was signed in 1997. It represents an international treaty
obligating participating nations to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, recognizing the role of human activity in global warming.

Correct Answer: (3) 2001
Solution: India passed the Energy Conservation Act in 2001 to create a comprehensive
legal and institutional framework for promoting energy efficiency and conservation across industries and various sectors.

Correct Answer: (2) World Social Forum
Solution: The World Social Forum (WSF) is a space for dialogue and coordination
among civil society groups, including human rights activists, environmentalists, labour unions, and other movements that oppose neoliberal globalization and advocate for social justice.

Correct Answer: (3) Globalization is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
Solution: Globalization is considered a multi-dimensional phenomenon as it influences
and integrates various aspects of human existence, including economic, cultural, political, and social dimensions on a global scale.

Correct Answer: (4) April 14
Solution: Ambedkar Jayanti is celebrated on April 14 each year in India, marking the
birth anniversary of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar, a prominent social reformer, jurist, and principal
architect of the Indian Constitution.

Correct Answer: (3) UN
Solution: The image depicts the logo of the United Nations (UN), an international or ganization founded in 1945 to promote peace, security, and cooperation among countries
worldwide.

Correct Answer: (3) Dag Hammarskjold
Solution: Dag Hammarskjold served as the second Secretary-General of the United Nations from 1953 until his death in 1961. He is known for his dedication to peacekeeping and efforts to mediate international conflicts.

Correct Answer: (3) 24th October
Solution: 24th October is observed globally as UN Day to commemorate the anniversary
of the United Nations Charter coming into effect in 1945. This day celebrates the UN’s efforts and contributions to global peace and cooperation.

Correct Answer: (1) League of Nations
Solution: The United Nations (UN) was established in 1945 as a successor to the League
of Nations, which was created after World War I. The League of Nations aimed to maintain
peace but failed to prevent World War II, leading to the founding of the UN with a broader
mandate for global peace and security.

Correct Answer: (2) United Nations Development Programme
Solution: The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is a global network
focused on reducing poverty, enhancing sustainable development, and promoting good governance across member countries.

Correct Answer: (1) Seven Sisters

Solution: The North-East region of India is known as the Seven Sisters because it comprises seven states that are geographically contiguous and culturally connected.

Correct Answer: (3) China, Myanmar and Bangladesh
Solution: The North-East region of India shares its international boundaries with China,
Myanmar, and Bangladesh, highlighting its strategic significance in India’s geopolitical
landscape.

Correct Answer: (2) 1963
Solution: The state of Nagaland was officially created in 1963, becoming one of the first
states in the North-East to be granted statehood after India’s independence.

Correct Answer: (4) Meghalaya
Solution: The Khasi tribes are indigenous to the state of Meghalaya, where they are one
of the prominent ethnic groups.

Correct Answer: (1) South-East Asia
Solution: The North-East region of India serves as a gateway to South-East Asia, enhancing India’s strategic and economic connectivity with neighboring countries like Myanmar.

Correct Answer: (2) Non-Proliferation Treaty
Solution: India rejected the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) because it was considered
discriminatory, allowing existing nuclear powers to retain their weapons while prohibiting
others from acquiring them.

Correct Answer: (2) Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin
Solution: The Yalta Conference in 1945 featured the ’Big Three’ leaders: Franklin D.
Roosevelt of the United States, Winston Churchill of the United Kingdom, and Joseph
Stalin of the Soviet Union. Together, they laid plans for post-war Europe and agreed to the
establishment of the United Nations.