Solution:  (4) The Constitution provides that the Rajya Sabha shall consist of 250 members, of which 12 members shall be nominated by the President from amongst persons having special knowledge or practical experience in respect of such matters as literature, science, art and social service; and not more than 238 representatives of the States and of the Union Territories. Fourth Schedule of the Constitution deals with the allocation of seats in Rajya Sabha to states.

Solution: (2) Article 243 K of the Indian constitution is related to the Election of Panchayati raj Bodies.

Solution: (3) Article 102(1) (a) of the Constitution of India recognizes “holding an office of profit “as a ground for disqualification from being a Member of Parliament (MP). Under this article, the president is bound by the advice of the Election Commission of India.

Solution: (1)

Solution: (4) The Comptroller and Auditor General of India can undertake evaluation studies, On its own initiative and on the request of financial committees, it can evaluate on Directive in legislation or on the request of the Organization and Methods division of a Ministry.

Solution:  (4) Election Commissioner is appointed by the President. He can be removed from office on the same grounds as a Judge of the Supreme Court. His term of office is six years or up to the age of 65 whichever is earlier.

Answer, (4) The word certiorari comes from Law Latin and means “to be more fully informed.” A writ of certiorari orders a lower court to deliver its record in a case so that the higher court may review it. Writ of Certiorari can be issued by the Judiciary for Lack of jurisdiction and Excess of jurisdiction.

Answer: (1) 73rd Amendment the Constitution seeks to provide Constitutional status to the Panchayati Raj Institutions, Financial autonomy and Empowerment for marginalized sections of the rural population.

Answer (4) The correct chronological of the formation of following States is;

Gujarat – 1960

Sikkim – 1975

Goa – 1987

Telangana – 2014

Answer:  (4) Preamble of Indian Constitution ensure

JUSTICE, social, economic and political;

LIBERTY of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;

EQUALITY of status and of opportunity; and to promote among them all.

FRATERNITY assuring the dignity of the individual.

Ans. (2) Government of India Act 1919 introduced, for the first time, bicameralism and direct elections in the country. Thus, the Indian Legislative Council was replaced by a bicameral legislature consisting of an Upper House (Council of State) and a Lower House (Legislative Assembly). The majority of members of both the Houses were chosen by direct election. But the control over ministers was not given to the legislative assembly.

Answer: (3) Joint Sitting of both the house of Parliament is only allowed in case of Ordinary bills. There is no provision for calling a joint sitting in case of disagreement related to a Constitution Amendment bill under Article 368.

Ans. (1) The Fundamental Rights in Indian Constitution guarantee provided by the Constitution about the Right of the Indian citizen. Fundamental rights are protected and enforced by the Constitution. It can’t be changed by the common legislative process. Supreme Court is the guardian of fundamental rights.

Ans. (3) Joint Sitting of both the house of Parliament is only allowed in case of Ordinary bills. There is no provision for calling a joint sitting in case of disagreement related to a Constitution Amendment bill under Article 368.

Ans. (3) In ‘Rethinking Public Institutions in India’ book Madhav Khosla and Ananth Padmanabhan wrote a chapter ‘The Supreme Court and India’s Judicial System’ in this they expressed that the Supreme Court of India as having a dual personality – a legal institution and a public institution.

Ans. (2) Llyod and Susanne Rudolph in their work ‘Explaining Indian Democracy’ wrote that the Election Commission of India as an effective ‘bulwark of free and fair elections’.

Ans. (3) Ashok Mehta (1978), in the report of the committee of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) identified three phases of Panchayati Raj in India.

1. The phase of ascendency (1959–64)
2. The phase of stagnation (1965–69)
3. The phase of decline (1969–77)

Ans.  (1) P. Bardhan in his book ‘Democracy and Distributive Politics in India’ commented that the Indian Federalism is a type of ‘Holding together federalism and not a ‘coming together federation”

Ans. (4) Article 356 of the Constitution of India gives the President of India the power to impose this rule on a state on the advice of the Union Council of Ministers. There are some conditions that the President has to consider before imposing the rule:

(A) If the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the government of the state cannot be carried on in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution.

(B) The state government is unable to elect a leader as chief minister within a time prescribed by the Governor of that state.

(C) There’s a breakdown of a coalition leading to the chief minister having a minority support in the House, and the CM fails to prove majority in a given period of time.

(D) Loss of majority in the Assembly due to a vote of no-confidence in the House.

(E) Elections were postponed on account of situations like natural disasters, war or epidemic.