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Political Theory CUET PG Political Science Sectional Test
Welcome to the Political Theory CUET PG Political Science Sectional Test! This quiz is designed to assess your understanding of key concepts in Political Theory, focusing on ideas like state, democracy, justice, power, and rights.
Quiz Features:
Comprehensive Coverage: Covers essential political concepts, ideologies, and thinkers.
Conceptual Clarity: Engages with core ideas such as sovereignty, liberty, and equality.
Interactive Format: Multiple-choice questions to enhance understanding.
Score Tracking & Leaderboard: Monitor progress and compare with peers.
Quiz Structure:
Total Questions: 100
Marks per Question: 4 marks
Total Marks: 400
Time Limit: 120 minutes
No Negative Marking: Attempt all questions freely!
How to Participate:
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Key Theoretical Themes Covered:
State and Sovereignty – Theories of the state, legitimacy, and political authority.
Democracy and Representation – Models of democracy and the role of citizens.
Justice and Rights – Theories of justice, human rights, and legal frameworks.
Power and Authority – Political power, legitimacy, and governance structures.
Ideologies and Political Thought – Liberalism, socialism, conservatism, and Marxism.
Additional Instructions:
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Read each question carefully before answering.
Submit all responses before the timer expires.
This sectional test is an excellent way to refine your knowledge of Political Theory, ensuring strong preparation for the CUET PG Political Science exam!
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Who among the following advocated the concept of relative autonomy of state?
Answer: (2) Nicolas Poulantzas
Explanation: Poulantzas, a Marxist theorist, introduced the concept of relative autonomy of the state, arguing that while the state serves the interests of the ruling class, it has a certain degree of independence in policy-making.
Answer: (2) Nicolas Poulantzas
Explanation: Poulantzas, a Marxist theorist, introduced the concept of relative autonomy of the state, arguing that while the state serves the interests of the ruling class, it has a certain degree of independence in policy-making.
The earlier known example of direct democracy is found in
Answer: (3) Athens
Explanation: Ancient Athens is widely regarded as the earliest example of direct democracy, where citizens directly participated in decision-making.
Answer: (3) Athens
Explanation: Ancient Athens is widely regarded as the earliest example of direct democracy, where citizens directly participated in decision-making.
Match List-I with List-II
List- I | List- II |
---|---|
(A) John Rawls | I) Wealth of nations |
(B) Robert Nozick | II) A theory of justice |
(C) Adam Smith | III) The end of history |
(D) Francis Fukuyama | IV) State and utopia |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer: (1) A-II, B-IV, C-I, D-III
Explanation:
John Rawls – A Theory of Justice
Robert Nozick – Anarchy, State, and Utopia
Adam Smith – Wealth of Nations
Francis Fukuyama – The End of History and the Last Man
Who among the following thinkers wrote sexual politics
Answer: (1) Kate Millett
Explanation: Kate Millett, a radical feminist, wrote Sexual Politics, which critiques patriarchy and male dominance in society.
Answer: (1) Kate Millett
Explanation: Kate Millett, a radical feminist, wrote Sexual Politics, which critiques patriarchy and male dominance in society.
Who among the following thinkers wrote the book the spirit of laws?
Answer: (1) Montesquieu
Explanation: Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws (1748) is a foundational work in political theory, advocating for the separation of powers.
Answer: (1) Montesquieu
Explanation: Montesquieu’s The Spirit of Laws (1748) is a foundational work in political theory, advocating for the separation of powers.
Who said that politics is the authoritative allocation of values because values are allocated through implementing decisions, not just by making them?
Answer: (1) David Easton
Explanation: David Easton defined politics as the “authoritative allocation of values for a society,” emphasizing how political systems distribute resources and values.
Answer: (1) David Easton
Explanation: David Easton defined politics as the “authoritative allocation of values for a society,” emphasizing how political systems distribute resources and values.
Legal theory of sovereignty in modern times was first propounded by
Answer: (1) John Austin
Answer: (1) John Austin
Who among the following were not exponents of positive liberty?
Answer: (4) Robert Nozick
Explanation: Nozick was a libertarian thinker who supported negative liberty, emphasizing minimal state intervention.
Answer: (4) Robert Nozick
Explanation: Nozick was a libertarian thinker who supported negative liberty, emphasizing minimal state intervention.
TH Marshall divides citizenship into three parts. What are these?
Answer: (3) Civil, political, and social
Explanation: Marshall’s theory of citizenship includes:
Civil rights (liberty, property, legal rights)
Political rights (participation in governance)
Social rights (welfare, education, healthcare)
Answer: (3) Civil, political, and social
Explanation: Marshall’s theory of citizenship includes:
Civil rights (liberty, property, legal rights)
Political rights (participation in governance)
Social rights (welfare, education, healthcare)
The marxian theory of surplus value is largely derived from the theory of
Answer: (3) David Ricardo
Explanation: Karl Marx built on David Ricardo’s labor theory of value to develop his concept of surplus value, which describes how capitalists exploit workers by extracting more value from their labor than they are paid.
Answer: (3) David Ricardo
Explanation: Karl Marx built on David Ricardo’s labor theory of value to develop his concept of surplus value, which describes how capitalists exploit workers by extracting more value from their labor than they are paid.
Who among the following described democracy as the tyranny of the majority?
Answer: (4) Alexis de Tocqueville
Explanation: Tocqueville, in Democracy in America, warned that majority rule could suppress minority rights, calling it the “tyranny of the majority.”
Answer: (4) Alexis de Tocqueville
Explanation: Tocqueville, in Democracy in America, warned that majority rule could suppress minority rights, calling it the “tyranny of the majority.”
Match List-I with List-II
List- I | List- II |
---|---|
(A) Communist Party | I) Gramsci |
(B) Hegemony | II) Lenin |
(C) Dictatorship of Proletariat | III) Marx |
(D) Polycentrism | IV) Togliatti |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer: (2) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
Explanation:
Communist Party – Lenin
Hegemony – Gramsci
Dictatorship of the Proletariat – Marx
Polycentrism – Togliatti
Answer: (2) A-II, B-I, C-III, D-IV
Explanation:
Communist Party – Lenin
Hegemony – Gramsci
Dictatorship of the Proletariat – Marx
Polycentrism – Togliatti
Who among the following thinkers is the author of the book ‘Manoeuvres’?
Answer: (2) Cynthia Enloe
Explanation: Cynthia Enloe is a feminist scholar who wrote Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives, exploring gender in military and international relations.
Answer: (2) Cynthia Enloe
Explanation: Cynthia Enloe is a feminist scholar who wrote Maneuvers: The International Politics of Militarizing Women’s Lives, exploring gender in military and international relations.
Thucydides text on the Peloponnesian war is a story between which ancient states?
Answer: (3) Athens and Sparta
Explanation: The History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides chronicles the conflict between Athens and Sparta in ancient Greece.
Answer: (3) Athens and Sparta
Explanation: The History of the Peloponnesian War by Thucydides chronicles the conflict between Athens and Sparta in ancient Greece.
Which among the following is not a part of the central theme of green ideology
Answer: (2) From being to having
Explanation: Green ideology focuses on holism, ecology, and sustainability, but “from being to having” is more associated with critiques of consumer culture.
Answer: (2) From being to having
Explanation: Green ideology focuses on holism, ecology, and sustainability, but “from being to having” is more associated with critiques of consumer culture.
Which among the following is not a principle of utilitarianism
Answer: (2) Government is a necessary evil
Explanation: Utilitarianism, advocated by Bentham and Mill, emphasizes “the greatest good for the greatest number” and “maximum happiness,” but the idea that “government is a necessary evil” is more aligned with libertarianism and anarchism.
Answer: (2) Government is a necessary evil
Explanation: Utilitarianism, advocated by Bentham and Mill, emphasizes “the greatest good for the greatest number” and “maximum happiness,” but the idea that “government is a necessary evil” is more aligned with libertarianism and anarchism.
An example of direct democracy is
Answer: (3) Athenian type
Explanation: Direct democracy refers to a system where citizens directly participate in decision-making. The Athenian type of democracy is a classic example of direct democracy, where citizens voted directly on laws and policies.
Answer: (3) Athenian type
Explanation: Direct democracy refers to a system where citizens directly participate in decision-making. The Athenian type of democracy is a classic example of direct democracy, where citizens voted directly on laws and policies.
The Guild socialist theory
Answer: (1) Advocates industrial democracy
Explanation: Guild socialism advocates for industrial democracy, where workers would control the industries and be involved in decision-making processes, rather than being controlled by the state or private owners.
Answer: (1) Advocates industrial democracy
Explanation: Guild socialism advocates for industrial democracy, where workers would control the industries and be involved in decision-making processes, rather than being controlled by the state or private owners.
Equality of opportunity means
Answer: (3) Everybody has equal opportunity
Explanation: Equality of opportunity means that everyone has the same chances to succeed, without any barriers due to their background, status, or other discriminatory factors.
Answer: (3) Everybody has equal opportunity
Explanation: Equality of opportunity means that everyone has the same chances to succeed, without any barriers due to their background, status, or other discriminatory factors.
The idea of hegemony is a key concept in the writings of
Answer: (2) Antonio Gramsci
Explanation: Antonio Gramsci is known for his theory of hegemony, where the ruling class maintains control over society not just through force, but also through cultural and ideological means.
Answer: (2) Antonio Gramsci
Explanation: Antonio Gramsci is known for his theory of hegemony, where the ruling class maintains control over society not just through force, but also through cultural and ideological means.
Which among the following is not a form of authoritarian rule
Answer: (4) Direct democracy
Explanation: Direct democracy is not authoritarian. In direct democracy, the people themselves make decisions, unlike authoritarian forms like absolute monarchy, military rule, or theocracy, where power is concentrated in the hands of a few or a single ruler.
Answer: (4) Direct democracy
Explanation: Direct democracy is not authoritarian. In direct democracy, the people themselves make decisions, unlike authoritarian forms like absolute monarchy, military rule, or theocracy, where power is concentrated in the hands of a few or a single ruler.
Reformist ecology is also known as
Answer: (3) Humanist or shallow ecology
Explanation: Reformist ecology, or shallow ecology, focuses on practical environmental changes and policies that aim to reform the current system rather than transform it entirely.
Answer: (3) Humanist or shallow ecology
Explanation: Reformist ecology, or shallow ecology, focuses on practical environmental changes and policies that aim to reform the current system rather than transform it entirely.
Justice as requital refers to
Answer: (4) Fair exchange
Explanation: Justice as requital refers to the idea of giving what is deserved or fair, often seen as an exchange of equal value or balancing out wrongs and rights.
Answer: (4) Fair exchange
Explanation: Justice as requital refers to the idea of giving what is deserved or fair, often seen as an exchange of equal value or balancing out wrongs and rights.
Given below are two statements, when is labelled as assertion a and the other is labelled as reason R
Assertion(A) : Robert nozick illustrated negative liberty in his writings.
Reason(R) : according to Robert nozick the primary threat to liberty is the imposition of obligation to which one has not consented.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Answer: (1) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Robert Nozick’s concept of negative liberty highlights freedom from interference, and he argues that the primary threat to liberty is the imposition of obligations that one has not consented to.
Answer: (1) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Robert Nozick’s concept of negative liberty highlights freedom from interference, and he argues that the primary threat to liberty is the imposition of obligations that one has not consented to.
Given below is the Karl marx’s formulation of base and superstructure in a jumbled order. Give the correct order
A. The relations are relations of productions which correspond to a definite stage of development of their material productive forces.
B. The relations are indispensable and independent of their will.
C. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society, the real foundation of a given society.
D. In social production of life, men enter into definite relations.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (1) D, A, C, B
Explanation: In Marxist theory, the order should be: 4. Men enter into relations of production, 1. These relations correspond to a stage of development, 3. These relations constitute the economic structure, and 2. The relations are independent of will.
Answer: (1) D, A, C, B
Explanation: In Marxist theory, the order should be: 4. Men enter into relations of production, 1. These relations correspond to a stage of development, 3. These relations constitute the economic structure, and 2. The relations are independent of will.
Given below are two statements
Statement 1 : during the first wave of democracy(1828 to 1926) nearly 30 countries, including Germany, established democratic institution.
Statement 2: the first wave of democracy was partially reversed (reverse wave) between 1922 and 1942 in Germany and Italy
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (1) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true
Explanation: The first wave of democracy (1828-1926) saw many countries, including Germany, establish democratic institutions, and the reverse wave between 1922-1942 did see democracy in Germany and Italy partially reversed.
Answer: (1) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are true
Explanation: The first wave of democracy (1828-1926) saw many countries, including Germany, establish democratic institutions, and the reverse wave between 1922-1942 did see democracy in Germany and Italy partially reversed.
Given below are two statements
Statement 1: popular democracy is a form of indirect democracy.
Statement 2: it presupposes factional or sexual division.
In the light of the above statements, choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (3) Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false.
Explanation:
Statement 1: Popular democracy is a form of indirect democracy.
This is true. Popular democracy often refers to the kind of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf, which is a form of indirect democracy (also called representative democracy).
Statement 2: It presupposes factional or sexual division.
This is false. Popular democracy does not inherently presuppose factional or sexual division. It focuses on broader participation and representation of the people, regardless of such divisions. While factions and divisions can exist in any political system, they are not a presupposition or defining feature of popular democracy itself.
Answer: (3) Statement 1 is true but statement 2 is false.
Explanation:
Statement 1: Popular democracy is a form of indirect democracy.
This is true. Popular democracy often refers to the kind of democracy where citizens elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf, which is a form of indirect democracy (also called representative democracy).
Statement 2: It presupposes factional or sexual division.
This is false. Popular democracy does not inherently presuppose factional or sexual division. It focuses on broader participation and representation of the people, regardless of such divisions. While factions and divisions can exist in any political system, they are not a presupposition or defining feature of popular democracy itself.
Which of the following are true about representative democracy?
A) Simple majority means more than half of those voting.
B) Blocking minority reflects a situation where a minority is able to prevent a proposal from passing.
C) Absolute majority means more than half of those entitled to vote.
D) Qualified majority demonstrates more than a simple majority which is typically two third majority.
E) Concurrent majority indicates the largest number of votes but not necessarily a majority.
To see correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (3) A, B, C, and D only
Explanation: In representative democracy, simple majority is more than half of voters, blocking minority can prevent a proposal, absolute majority is more than half of those entitled to vote, and qualified majority refers to a two-thirds majority or more.
Answer: (3) A, B, C, and D only
Explanation: In representative democracy, simple majority is more than half of voters, blocking minority can prevent a proposal, absolute majority is more than half of those entitled to vote, and qualified majority refers to a two-thirds majority or more.
Which among the following statements are true about legal equality?
A) Legal equality does not guarantee quality of treatment by law.
B) Legal equality contradicts rule of law.
C) Legal equality is a prominent characteristic of civil society.
D) Legal equality does not abolish special privileges.
E) Legal equality cannot be the basis of contract based relations.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (2) A and C only
Explanation: Legal equality refers to everyone being equal before the law, but it doesn’t guarantee equal treatment or eliminate special privileges.
Answer: (2) A and C only
Explanation: Legal equality refers to everyone being equal before the law, but it doesn’t guarantee equal treatment or eliminate special privileges.
On the question of state sovereignity
A) issues of global concern cannot challenge external sovereignty of the state
B) such issues cannot bring multilateral pressure on decision making of the states
C) human rights movements affect the policy of internal security of the states
D) human rights issues are also deployed by the states to influence each other’s decisions
Choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below:
Answer: (2) 3 and 4 only
Explanation: Human rights movements can influence internal security policies and states may use human rights issues to influence other states’ decisions.
Answer: (2) 3 and 4 only
Explanation: Human rights movements can influence internal security policies and states may use human rights issues to influence other states’ decisions.
Match List-I with List-II
List- I (Theories of nationalism) | List- II |
---|---|
(A) Primordialism | I) Ernest Gellner |
(B) Ethno symbolism | II) Adrian Hasting |
(C) Perennialism | III) Anthony Smith |
(D) Modernism | IV) Walker Connor |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer: (3) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
Explanation:
Primordialism: Anthony Smith
Ethno symbolism: Adrian Hasting
Perennialism: Walker Connor
Modernism: Ernest Gellner
Answer: (3) A-III, B-II, C-IV, D-I
Explanation:
Primordialism: Anthony Smith
Ethno symbolism: Adrian Hasting
Perennialism: Walker Connor
Modernism: Ernest Gellner
Match List-I with List-II
List- I (Political thinkers) | List- II (Books) |
---|---|
(A) Mary Wollstonecraft | I) Sexual Politics |
(B) Kate Millet | II) The female Enunch |
(C) Germaine Greer | III) A vindication of the rights of woman |
(D) Judith Butler | IV) Gender Trouble |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer: (3) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Explanation:
Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Kate Millett: Sexual Politics
Germaine Greer: The Female Eunuch
Judith Butler: Gender Trouble
Answer: (3) A-III, B-I, C-II, D-IV
Explanation:
Mary Wollstonecraft: A Vindication of the Rights of Woman
Kate Millett: Sexual Politics
Germaine Greer: The Female Eunuch
Judith Butler: Gender Trouble
Who amongst the following political philosophers can be associated with the idea of luck egalitarianism?
Answer: (4) Ronald Dworkin
Answer: (4) Ronald Dworkin
Given below are two statements one is labelled as Assertion A and the other is labelled as reason R.
Assertion A : problems of global environmental change pose serious challenge to democratic political systems, as they currently exists
Reason R : we need a thicker Conception of citizenship, like environmental citizenship that obligates citizens to inculcate environmentally sensitive sensitive behaviour.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Answer: (1) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: The assertion highlights that environmental challenges pose significant challenges to democratic systems. The reason suggests that a “thicker” conception of citizenship, like environmental citizenship, is needed to address these challenges. This is a valid explanation of why current democratic systems might struggle with these issues.
Answer: (1) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: The assertion highlights that environmental challenges pose significant challenges to democratic systems. The reason suggests that a “thicker” conception of citizenship, like environmental citizenship, is needed to address these challenges. This is a valid explanation of why current democratic systems might struggle with these issues.
Who among the following theorists is known for his work on the theory of resources equality?
Answer: (2) Ronald Dworkin
Explanation: Ronald Dworkin proposed the theory of “resource equality” which emphasizes the equal distribution of resources to ensure individuals have an equal ability to pursue their own plans and goals.
Answer: (2) Ronald Dworkin
Explanation: Ronald Dworkin proposed the theory of “resource equality” which emphasizes the equal distribution of resources to ensure individuals have an equal ability to pursue their own plans and goals.
Who described democracy as the tyranny of the majority?
Answer: (1) Tocqueville
Explanation: Alexis de Tocqueville, in his work Democracy in America, discussed how majority rule in a democracy could lead to the suppression of minority opinions, which he referred to as “the tyranny of the majority.”
Answer: (1) Tocqueville
Explanation: Alexis de Tocqueville, in his work Democracy in America, discussed how majority rule in a democracy could lead to the suppression of minority opinions, which he referred to as “the tyranny of the majority.”
Given below are two statements
Statement 1
Thin multiculturalism views some cultural differences as occurring between liberals and non liberals.
Statement 2
Thick multiculturalism views all cultural differences as disagreements between groups that already agree or liberal values.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Answer: (3) Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
Explanation: Thin multiculturalism is about recognizing certain cultural differences, often framed as disagreements between liberal and non-liberal ideologies. Thick multiculturalism, on the other hand, deals with deeper cultural differences but within the framework of liberal values.
Answer: (3) Statement 1 is correct but statement 2 is incorrect
Explanation: Thin multiculturalism is about recognizing certain cultural differences, often framed as disagreements between liberal and non-liberal ideologies. Thick multiculturalism, on the other hand, deals with deeper cultural differences but within the framework of liberal values.
Match List-I with List-II
List- I | List- II |
---|---|
(A) Simone de Beauvoir | I) The female Enunch |
(B) Betty Friedan | II) Justice, Gender and the Family |
(C) Germaine Greer | III) The Feminine Mystique |
(D) Moller Okin | IV) The second Sex |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer: (4) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
Explanation:
Simone de Beauvoir: The Second Sex.
Betty Friedan: The Feminine Mystique.
Germaine Greer: The Female Eunuch.
S. Moller Okin: Justice, Gender, and the Family.
Answer: (4) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
Explanation:
Simone de Beauvoir: The Second Sex.
Betty Friedan: The Feminine Mystique.
Germaine Greer: The Female Eunuch.
S. Moller Okin: Justice, Gender, and the Family.
Given below are two statements
Statement 1 : liberal feminists argue for laws that give women formal equality of opportunity and freedom from discrimination.
Statement 2 : for radical feminists the prevalence of violence against women is part and parcel of sex inequality
in the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Answer: (1) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are correct
Explanation: Liberal feminists advocate for formal equality of opportunity and freedom from discrimination, while radical feminists argue that violence against women is inherent in sex inequality.
Answer: (1) Both statement 1 and statement 2 are correct
Explanation: Liberal feminists advocate for formal equality of opportunity and freedom from discrimination, while radical feminists argue that violence against women is inherent in sex inequality.
Which of the following is are correct explanation of Ronald dworkin’s idea of rights as Trumps
A) Norms of the society take precedence over basic individual rights.
B) Interests of the whole community can trump individual rights.
C) Basic rights of individuals take moral and legal precedence over other norms.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (3) Only C
Explanation: Dworkin’s theory of rights as trumps posits that individual rights (such as basic human rights) take precedence over other societal norms and considerations, even the collective good.
Answer: (3) Only C
Explanation: Dworkin’s theory of rights as trumps posits that individual rights (such as basic human rights) take precedence over other societal norms and considerations, even the collective good.
Given below are two statements
Statement 1 : Jeremy Bentham, the founder of utilitarianism, ridicule natural Rights as pernicious fiction
Statement 2 : human rights are believed to have been derived from the idea of natural law.
In the light of the above statements, choose the most appropriate answer from the options given below
Answer: (1) Both Statement 1 and 2 are correct
Explanation: Jeremy Bentham, a founder of utilitarianism, dismissed natural rights as “pernicious fiction,” while human rights are traditionally associated with natural law theory.
Answer: (1) Both Statement 1 and 2 are correct
Explanation: Jeremy Bentham, a founder of utilitarianism, dismissed natural rights as “pernicious fiction,” while human rights are traditionally associated with natural law theory.
If your aim is liberty and democracy, then you must teach people the art of being free and of governing themselves. Who gave the statement?
Answer: (2) Aldous Huxley
Answer: (2) Aldous Huxley
Which of the following constitutes the core principles of utilitarianism?
A) Concept of utility
B) Greatest good of the greatest number
C) Laissez- Faire
D) Maximum happiness of maximum number of people
Choose the correct answer from the options given below
Answer: (4) Only A, B and D
Answer: (4) Only A, B and D
Who among the following define citizenship as full and equal membership in political community?
Answer: (2) T.H. Marshall
Explanation: T.H. Marshall defined citizenship as full and equal membership within a political community, emphasizing the rights and duties that come with citizenship.
Answer: (2) T.H. Marshall
Explanation: T.H. Marshall defined citizenship as full and equal membership within a political community, emphasizing the rights and duties that come with citizenship.
Who among the following advocates the entitlement theory of justice?
Answer: (3) Robert Nozick
Explanation: Robert Nozick developed the entitlement theory of justice, which holds that individuals are entitled to their holdings (property, resources) as long as they are acquired justly.
Answer: (3) Robert Nozick
Explanation: Robert Nozick developed the entitlement theory of justice, which holds that individuals are entitled to their holdings (property, resources) as long as they are acquired justly.
The word ideology was coined by
Answer: (1) De Tracy
Explanation: The term “ideology” was coined by the French philosopher Antoine Destutt de Tracy, referring to the study of ideas.
Answer: (1) De Tracy
Explanation: The term “ideology” was coined by the French philosopher Antoine Destutt de Tracy, referring to the study of ideas.
The term ‘Original Position’ is associated with
Answer: (2) John Rawls
Explanation: The “original position” is a hypothetical state in John Rawls’ theory of justice where individuals choose the principles of justice behind a “veil of ignorance.”
Answer: (2) John Rawls
Explanation: The “original position” is a hypothetical state in John Rawls’ theory of justice where individuals choose the principles of justice behind a “veil of ignorance.”
Who among the following defined politics as authoritative allocation of values
Answer: (2) David Easton
Answer: (2) David Easton
Who among the following is considered as a ‘reluctant democrat’?
Answer: (1) J.S. Mill
Explanation: J.S. Mill, while advocating for democracy, is considered a “reluctant democrat” because he was cautious about the potential negative consequences of full democratic rule. Mill believed in the principle of individual liberty and supported representative government, but he was concerned that the “tyranny of the majority” could undermine personal freedoms. In his work On Liberty, Mill emphasized the importance of protecting minorities from the majority’s power. He advocated for a system that combines democracy with certain safeguards to protect individual rights, which is why he is seen as a “reluctant democrat” who believed democracy needed limits to be truly just.
Answer: (1) J.S. Mill
Explanation: J.S. Mill, while advocating for democracy, is considered a “reluctant democrat” because he was cautious about the potential negative consequences of full democratic rule. Mill believed in the principle of individual liberty and supported representative government, but he was concerned that the “tyranny of the majority” could undermine personal freedoms. In his work On Liberty, Mill emphasized the importance of protecting minorities from the majority’s power. He advocated for a system that combines democracy with certain safeguards to protect individual rights, which is why he is seen as a “reluctant democrat” who believed democracy needed limits to be truly just.
The concept of ‘Complex Equality’ was given by
Answer: (2) Michael Walzer
Explanation: Michael Walzer’s concept of “complex equality” argues that different social goods (like wealth, power, education) should be distributed according to different principles, preventing domination by any single group.
Answer: (2) Michael Walzer
Explanation: Michael Walzer’s concept of “complex equality” argues that different social goods (like wealth, power, education) should be distributed according to different principles, preventing domination by any single group.
Isaiah Berlin is the author of
Answer: (2) Four Essays on Liberty
Explanation: Isaiah Berlin is known for his work on liberty, especially in Four Essays on Liberty, where he distinguishes between positive and negative liberty.
Answer: (2) Four Essays on Liberty
Explanation: Isaiah Berlin is known for his work on liberty, especially in Four Essays on Liberty, where he distinguishes between positive and negative liberty.
Match List-I with List-II
List- I (Thinker) | List- II (Book) |
---|---|
(A) Machiavelli | I) Theory of International Relations |
(B) Thucydides | II) Politics among Nations |
(C) Hans. J Morgenthau | III) The Prince |
(D) Kenneth Waltz | IV) The Peloponnesian War |
Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
Answer: (2) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
Explanation:
A. Machiavelli: The Prince.
B. Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War.
C. Hans J. Morgenthau: Politics Among Nations.
D. Kenneth Waltz: Theory of International Relations.
Answer: (2) A-III, B-IV, C-II, D-I
Explanation:
A. Machiavelli: The Prince.
B. Thucydides: The Peloponnesian War.
C. Hans J. Morgenthau: Politics Among Nations.
D. Kenneth Waltz: Theory of International Relations.
Robert Morrison Maclver wrote the following book
Answer: (1) The Modern State
Explanation: Robert Morrison Maclver is best known for his work The Modern State, where he discusses the evolution of the state and its relationship with society. Maclver focuses on the concept of the state as an institution that organizes society, providing order and functioning through laws and governance.
Answer: (1) The Modern State
Explanation: Robert Morrison Maclver is best known for his work The Modern State, where he discusses the evolution of the state and its relationship with society. Maclver focuses on the concept of the state as an institution that organizes society, providing order and functioning through laws and governance.
The Miliband Poulantzas debate entails to
Answer: (3) The nature of the State in capitalism
Explanation: The Miliband-Poulantzas debate centers around the role of the state within capitalist societies. Ralph Miliband argued that the state serves the interests of the capitalist class, while Nicos Poulantzas focused on how the state is a complex structure influenced by various social forces, not merely by the capitalist class.
Answer: (3) The nature of the State in capitalism
Explanation: The Miliband-Poulantzas debate centers around the role of the state within capitalist societies. Ralph Miliband argued that the state serves the interests of the capitalist class, while Nicos Poulantzas focused on how the state is a complex structure influenced by various social forces, not merely by the capitalist class.
Which of the following thinkers presented the idea of historical materialism?
Answer: (2) Karl Marx
Explanation: Karl Marx is the originator of historical materialism, which asserts that the economic base (the mode of production) shapes the superstructure (political, legal, and cultural institutions) of society. According to Marx, historical progress occurs through changes in the material conditions of society.
Answer: (2) Karl Marx
Explanation: Karl Marx is the originator of historical materialism, which asserts that the economic base (the mode of production) shapes the superstructure (political, legal, and cultural institutions) of society. According to Marx, historical progress occurs through changes in the material conditions of society.
Which ideology is associated with the concept of ‘absence of government’?
Answer: (2) Anarchism
Explanation: Anarchism advocates for the absence of a centralized government or authority. Anarchists believe that societies can and should function without coercive institutions, emphasizing voluntary cooperation, self-management, and mutual aid.
Answer: (2) Anarchism
Explanation: Anarchism advocates for the absence of a centralized government or authority. Anarchists believe that societies can and should function without coercive institutions, emphasizing voluntary cooperation, self-management, and mutual aid.
Self regarding and other regarding is theorised by
Answer: (3) John Stuart Mill
Explanation: John Stuart Mill introduced the distinction between self-regarding and other-regarding actions in his work On Liberty. Self-regarding actions affect only the individual, while other-regarding actions affect others. Mill argued that the state should only intervene in the latter, protecting individual liberty.
Answer: (3) John Stuart Mill
Explanation: John Stuart Mill introduced the distinction between self-regarding and other-regarding actions in his work On Liberty. Self-regarding actions affect only the individual, while other-regarding actions affect others. Mill argued that the state should only intervene in the latter, protecting individual liberty.
Who amongst the following thinkers is a defender of the access to advantage principle?
Answer: (4) G. A. Cohen
Answer: (4) G. A. Cohen
Who makes the distinction between ‘negative liberty and ‘positive liberty?
Answer: (3) Isaiah Berlin
Explanation: Isaiah Berlin famously distinguished between negative liberty, the absence of external interference, and positive liberty, the ability to act in ways that fulfill one’s potential. Negative liberty is about freedom from constraints, while positive liberty concerns the realization of one’s true self.
Answer: (3) Isaiah Berlin
Explanation: Isaiah Berlin famously distinguished between negative liberty, the absence of external interference, and positive liberty, the ability to act in ways that fulfill one’s potential. Negative liberty is about freedom from constraints, while positive liberty concerns the realization of one’s true self.
Charles Taylor is known for his work on
Answer: (2) Politics of recognition
Explanation: Charles Taylor is known for his work on the politics of recognition, which emphasizes the importance of recognizing and respecting cultural and identity differences in democratic societies. Taylor argues that individual identity is shaped by social recognition.
Answer: (2) Politics of recognition
Explanation: Charles Taylor is known for his work on the politics of recognition, which emphasizes the importance of recognizing and respecting cultural and identity differences in democratic societies. Taylor argues that individual identity is shaped by social recognition.
Who among the following thinkers is known for capability approach?
Answer: (1) Amartya Sen
Explanation: Amartya Sen is the key figure behind the capability approach, which focuses on what individuals are able to do or be, rather than just focusing on income or resources. The approach seeks to expand people’s capabilities and opportunities, emphasizing the importance of individual freedom and well-being.
Answer: (1) Amartya Sen
Explanation: Amartya Sen is the key figure behind the capability approach, which focuses on what individuals are able to do or be, rather than just focusing on income or resources. The approach seeks to expand people’s capabilities and opportunities, emphasizing the importance of individual freedom and well-being.
Global Justice is vital for
Answer: (1) Thomas Pogge
Explanation: Thomas Pogge is a prominent thinker in the field of global justice. He argues that global inequalities, particularly in wealth and health, are unjust and that affluent nations have a responsibility to help alleviate poverty and suffering around the world.
Answer: (1) Thomas Pogge
Explanation: Thomas Pogge is a prominent thinker in the field of global justice. He argues that global inequalities, particularly in wealth and health, are unjust and that affluent nations have a responsibility to help alleviate poverty and suffering around the world.
Who compared the liberty of moderns with that of the ancients?
Answer: (1) Benjamin Constant
Explanation: Benjamin Constant is known for his distinction between the liberty of the ancients (participatory democracy, political freedom) and the liberty of the moderns (individual freedom, protection from state interference). His work emphasized the importance of individual rights and freedom in modern societies.
Answer: (1) Benjamin Constant
Explanation: Benjamin Constant is known for his distinction between the liberty of the ancients (participatory democracy, political freedom) and the liberty of the moderns (individual freedom, protection from state interference). His work emphasized the importance of individual rights and freedom in modern societies.
Rights as trumps is linked with
Answer: (1) Ronald Dworkin
Explanation: The concept of rights as trumps was developed by Ronald Dworkin, who argued that individual rights should take precedence over other societal concerns, such as utility or social goals. This means that rights cannot be overridden by mere utilitarian calculations.
Answer: (1) Ronald Dworkin
Explanation: The concept of rights as trumps was developed by Ronald Dworkin, who argued that individual rights should take precedence over other societal concerns, such as utility or social goals. This means that rights cannot be overridden by mere utilitarian calculations.
Political obligation and the state are linked together in
Answer: (1) T.H. Green
Explanation: T.H. Green, a British philosopher, argued that political obligation is a fundamental aspect of citizenship. He believed that individuals owe allegiance to the state because it enables them to live freely and in cooperation with others, providing a framework for common good.
Answer: (1) T.H. Green
Explanation: T.H. Green, a British philosopher, argued that political obligation is a fundamental aspect of citizenship. He believed that individuals owe allegiance to the state because it enables them to live freely and in cooperation with others, providing a framework for common good.
Who among the following is a libertarian thinker
Answer: (4) Robert Nozick
Explanation: Robert Nozick is a prominent libertarian philosopher. In his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia, he argues for minimal state interference in people’s lives, advocating for a “night-watchman” state that only protects individual rights to life, liberty, and property.
Answer: (4) Robert Nozick
Explanation: Robert Nozick is a prominent libertarian philosopher. In his book Anarchy, State, and Utopia, he argues for minimal state interference in people’s lives, advocating for a “night-watchman” state that only protects individual rights to life, liberty, and property.
The slogan personal is political is concerned with
Answer: (1) Feminism
Explanation: The slogan “the personal is political” is a key concept in feminist theory, emphasizing that personal experiences, especially of women, are deeply intertwined with political structures. It highlights how personal matters, such as domestic roles and reproductive rights, are shaped by societal norms and political decisions.
Answer: (1) Feminism
Explanation: The slogan “the personal is political” is a key concept in feminist theory, emphasizing that personal experiences, especially of women, are deeply intertwined with political structures. It highlights how personal matters, such as domestic roles and reproductive rights, are shaped by societal norms and political decisions.
Who among the following is a communitarian thinker
Answer: (1) Michael Sandel
Explanation: Michael Sandel is a well-known communitarian thinker who critiques liberal theories of justice, advocating instead for a politics that takes into account the community’s shared values and social bonds. Sandel emphasizes the importance of community and the common good in political life.
Answer: (1) Michael Sandel
Explanation: Michael Sandel is a well-known communitarian thinker who critiques liberal theories of justice, advocating instead for a politics that takes into account the community’s shared values and social bonds. Sandel emphasizes the importance of community and the common good in political life.
‘All knowledge is gained from sensory experience’ is a central epistemological principle associated with which political philosopher
Answer: (3) David Hume
Explanation: David Hume was a key empiricist who argued that all knowledge derives from sensory experience.
Answer: (3) David Hume
Explanation: David Hume was a key empiricist who argued that all knowledge derives from sensory experience.
Conservative thinkers give importance to?
Answer: (1) Traditions
Explanation: Conservatives emphasize maintaining traditions and social institutions.
Answer: (1) Traditions
Explanation: Conservatives emphasize maintaining traditions and social institutions.
According to conservatives, the basic unit of the society is the:
Answer: (3) Family
Explanation: Conservatives view family as the foundational unit that maintains social stability.
Answer: (3) Family
Explanation: Conservatives view family as the foundational unit that maintains social stability.
According to both classical liberalism and modern liberalism
Answer: (3) Market competition makes for efficiency
Explanation: Both classical and modern liberalism believe in free markets fostering efficiency.
Answer: (3) Market competition makes for efficiency
Explanation: Both classical and modern liberalism believe in free markets fostering efficiency.
Multiculturalist policies are based on the recognition that
Answer: (1) Particular cultural groups may have distinctive needs
Explanation: Multiculturalism acknowledges and accommodates different cultural identities.
Answer: (1) Particular cultural groups may have distinctive needs
Explanation: Multiculturalism acknowledges and accommodates different cultural identities.
Individualist anarchism is founded on the idea
Answer: (3) Individual is sovereign
Explanation: Individualist anarchism prioritizes personal freedom over state authority.
Answer: (3) Individual is sovereign
Explanation: Individualist anarchism prioritizes personal freedom over state authority.
Patriarchy literally means?
Answer: (2) Rule by the father
Explanation: Patriarchy is a social system where males, especially fathers, hold primary power.
Answer: (2) Rule by the father
Explanation: Patriarchy is a social system where males, especially fathers, hold primary power.
One of humanity’s main purpose is to sustain nature is a view associated with?
Answer: (4) Deep ecologists
Explanation: Deep ecology argues for a fundamental change in human-nature relationships.
Answer: (4) Deep ecologists
Explanation: Deep ecology argues for a fundamental change in human-nature relationships.
Holistic ecologists
Answer: (1) Reject exploitative attitude towards the natural world
Explanation: They believe in treating nature as intrinsically valuable, not just a resource.
Answer: (1) Reject exploitative attitude towards the natural world
Explanation: They believe in treating nature as intrinsically valuable, not just a resource.
The argument that men and male designed and male dominated institutions are the major threat to nature is associated with
Answer: (3) Ecofeminism
Explanation: Ecofeminists link environmental degradation with patriarchy.
Answer: (3) Ecofeminism
Explanation: Ecofeminists link environmental degradation with patriarchy.
Derrida’s approach Towards identifying the multiple themes, elements, an inheritance is within a text is described as
Answer: (1) Deconstruction
Explanation: Derrida’s deconstruction critiques and interprets texts by uncovering contradictions.
Answer: (1) Deconstruction
Explanation: Derrida’s deconstruction critiques and interprets texts by uncovering contradictions.
The rule in accordance with religious principles or by priesthood is described as
Answer: (3) Theocracy
Explanation: A theocracy is a government led by religious authority.
Answer: (3) Theocracy
Explanation: A theocracy is a government led by religious authority.
The insistence on the literal truth of a particular book or set of principles as the only basis for any given faith is described as
Answer: (3) Fundamentalism
Explanation: Fundamentalism emphasizes strict adherence to religious doctrines.
Answer: (3) Fundamentalism
Explanation: Fundamentalism emphasizes strict adherence to religious doctrines.
The rule by experts is described as
Answer: (4) Technocrats
Explanation: Technocracy is governance by technical experts.
Answer: (4) Technocrats
Explanation: Technocracy is governance by technical experts.
For liberalism, reason isn’t essential element in our capacity to
Answer: (3) Make free decisions for ourselves
Explanation: Liberalism values individual rationality and decision-making freedom.
Answer: (3) Make free decisions for ourselves
Explanation: Liberalism values individual rationality and decision-making freedom.
Which political philosopher made happiness and the dignity of man, and not the principle of pleasure, the chief end of life?
Answer: (2) John Stuart Mill
Explanation: Mill emphasized human dignity and happiness over mere pleasure.
Answer: (2) John Stuart Mill
Explanation: Mill emphasized human dignity and happiness over mere pleasure.
In a Liberal Democracy the group of people who organise themselves for pursuing their specific or collective interests are referred to as
Answer: (3) Interest Groups
Explanation: Interest groups advocate for specific causes in a democracy.
Answer: (3) Interest Groups
Explanation: Interest groups advocate for specific causes in a democracy.
A social policy seeking to prevent concentration of valuable resources of the community in the hands of the chosen few and to create a social order which will enable the depraved to gain a respectable share is furthering the cause of?
Answer: (1) Social justice
Explanation: Social justice seeks equitable distribution of resources.
Answer: (1) Social justice
Explanation: Social justice seeks equitable distribution of resources.
A principle of politics which seeks to remove all impediments in the way of individuals liberty as the basic principle of public policy is
Answer: (1) Libertarianism
Explanation: Libertarianism prioritizes maximum individual freedom.
Answer: (1) Libertarianism
Explanation: Libertarianism prioritizes maximum individual freedom.
The view that no moral principle or value system can be treated as universally right or acceptable is described as
Answer: (3) Moral relativism
Explanation: Moral relativism denies universal moral truths.
Answer: (3) Moral relativism
Explanation: Moral relativism denies universal moral truths.
Theory that all rights are dependent on the state for their existence is
Answer: (1) Theory of legal rights
Explanation: Legal rights are granted and regulated by the state.
Answer: (1) Theory of legal rights
Explanation: Legal rights are granted and regulated by the state.
And open an intentional act of breaking an unjust law an undergoing the prescribed punishment in order to draw public attention to an issue of public importance is?
Answer: (2) Civil disobedience
Explanation: Civil disobedience is a nonviolent protest against unjust laws.
Answer: (2) Civil disobedience
Explanation: Civil disobedience is a nonviolent protest against unjust laws.
A political outlook which holds that individual freedom can only be achieved through political participation is?
Answer: (4) Civic republicanism
Explanation: Civic republicanism emphasizes active citizenship.
Answer: (4) Civic republicanism
Explanation: Civic republicanism emphasizes active citizenship.
That the structure of legitimation within the capitalist society usually prevents any challenge to authority is the formulation by
Answer: (1) Antonio Gramsci
Explanation: Gramsci introduced the concept of cultural hegemony.
Answer: (1) Antonio Gramsci
Explanation: Gramsci introduced the concept of cultural hegemony.
Power defined as the production of intended effects is associated with
Answer: (3) Bertrand Russell
Explanation: Russell defined power as the ability to achieve intended outcomes.
Answer: (3) Bertrand Russell
Explanation: Russell defined power as the ability to achieve intended outcomes.
A set of principles of justice which belong to the unwritten part of law is described as
Answer: (1) Natural justice
Explanation: Natural justice includes fairness and impartiality.
Answer: (1) Natural justice
Explanation: Natural justice includes fairness and impartiality.
The theory that holds that the authority of the sovereign is derived from God is?
Answer: (1) Divine rights theory
Explanation: Divine right theory justifies monarchy through religious authority.
Answer: (1) Divine rights theory
Explanation: Divine right theory justifies monarchy through religious authority.
That individual is the sole proprietor of his own person or capacities for which he owes nothing to societies described as
Answer: (3) Possessive individualism
Explanation: Possessive individualism views individuals as independent self-owners.
Answer: (3) Possessive individualism
Explanation: Possessive individualism views individuals as independent self-owners.
An outlook that harbours negative attitude towards everything is?
Answer: (1) Nihilism
Explanation: Nihilism rejects meaning, values, and institutions.
Answer: (1) Nihilism
Explanation: Nihilism rejects meaning, values, and institutions.
A branch of learning which inquires into the ways of performance of political functions in primitive and tribal communities is termed as?
Answer: (2) Political anthropology
Explanation: Political anthropology examines governance in traditional societies.
Answer: (2) Political anthropology
Explanation: Political anthropology examines governance in traditional societies.
A philosophical principle which regards individual as an end in itself and out with dignity is described as
Answer: (3) Possessive individualism
Answer: (3) Possessive individualism
The term sociology of knowledge was introduced by
Answer: (1) Karl Mannheim
Explanation: Mannheim studied how knowledge is shaped by social conditions.
Answer: (1) Karl Mannheim
Explanation: Mannheim studied how knowledge is shaped by social conditions.
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