CUET PG Comparative Politics
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Welcome to the CUET PG Comparative Politics – Political Science Sectional Test Mock Test!
This quiz is designed to assess your knowledge and understanding of key concepts and theories in Comparative Politics, in line with the CUET PG Political Science syllabus.
Mock Test Features:
- Comprehensive Coverage: Questions span a range of topics, including political systems, state structures, governance models, political culture, electoral systems, and more.
- Interactive Format: Engage with diverse question types, including multiple-choice and true/false.
- Instant Feedback: Receive immediate feedback after each question to enhance your learning experience.
- Score Tracking: Monitor your performance and track your progress over time.
- Leaderboard: Compete with other participants! Your scores will be displayed on a leaderboard, showcasing the top performers.
Mock Test Structure:
- Total Questions: 100 questions
- Marks per Question: 4 marks
- Total Marks: 400 marks
- Time Limit: 120 minutes
How to Participate:
- Click on the “Start Quiz” button below.
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- There is no negative marking, so attempt all questions without fear of losing points for incorrect responses.
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- Check the leaderboard to see your ranking compared to other participants!
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- Make sure to submit your answers before the timer runs out to have your score recorded.
Prepare yourself for success in the CUET PG Political Science examination.
Good luck, and may your knowledge shine!
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- Question 1 of 100
1. Question
Category: Comparative Politics“Constitution is what the Parliament enacts”. This statement is valid in the case of
CorrectAnswer: 2) UK
Explanation: In the UK, there is no single written constitution. Instead, the constitution is based on statutes (laws made by Parliament), common law, and conventions. The UK follows the principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty, meaning Parliament has the supreme authority to make or change laws, which automatically become part of the constitutional framework. Unlike the US or India, where the constitution is a supreme document that limits legislative power, in the UK, Parliament itself defines constitutional law.IncorrectAnswer: 2) UK
Explanation: In the UK, there is no single written constitution. Instead, the constitution is based on statutes (laws made by Parliament), common law, and conventions. The UK follows the principle of Parliamentary Sovereignty, meaning Parliament has the supreme authority to make or change laws, which automatically become part of the constitutional framework. Unlike the US or India, where the constitution is a supreme document that limits legislative power, in the UK, Parliament itself defines constitutional law. - Question 2 of 100
2. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsLegalism, structuralism and normative analysis are features of
CorrectAnswer: 1) Old Institutionalism
Explanation: Old Institutionalism is an approach in political science that emphasizes the study of formal institutions like parliaments, bureaucracies, and legal systems.- Legalism: Focuses on legal rules and constitutional frameworks.
- Structuralism: Examines the role of institutions in shaping political behavior.
- Normative Analysis: Studies what “ought to be” rather than just “what is.”
This approach was dominant before behavioralism, which introduced a more empirical study of politics.
IncorrectAnswer: 1) Old Institutionalism
Explanation: Old Institutionalism is an approach in political science that emphasizes the study of formal institutions like parliaments, bureaucracies, and legal systems.- Legalism: Focuses on legal rules and constitutional frameworks.
- Structuralism: Examines the role of institutions in shaping political behavior.
- Normative Analysis: Studies what “ought to be” rather than just “what is.”
This approach was dominant before behavioralism, which introduced a more empirical study of politics.
- Question 3 of 100
3. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe ‘ core, semi-periphery and periphery ‘characterisation of slates is associated with
CorrectAnswer: 4) Immanuel Wallerstein
Explanation: Immanuel Wallerstein developed the World-Systems Theory, which classifies countries into:- Core: Developed, industrialized nations that dominate global trade (e.g., USA, Germany).
- Semi-Periphery: Countries in between core and periphery, experiencing moderate development (e.g., Brazil, India).
- Periphery: Underdeveloped, resource-exporting nations dependent on core countries (e.g., many African nations).
This model explains global economic inequality and dependency.
IncorrectAnswer: 4) Immanuel Wallerstein
Explanation: Immanuel Wallerstein developed the World-Systems Theory, which classifies countries into:- Core: Developed, industrialized nations that dominate global trade (e.g., USA, Germany).
- Semi-Periphery: Countries in between core and periphery, experiencing moderate development (e.g., Brazil, India).
- Periphery: Underdeveloped, resource-exporting nations dependent on core countries (e.g., many African nations).
This model explains global economic inequality and dependency.
- Question 4 of 100
4. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsMatch List-I with List-II
List- I List- II (A) Cantons I) Germany (B) Counties II) Russia (C) Lander III) UK (D) Oblasts IV) Switzerland Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
CorrectAnswer: 1) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
Explanation:- Cantons (Switzerland)– Switzerland is divided into Cantons, which are autonomous units.
- Counties (UK)– The UK is divided into counties, which serve as administrative regions.
- Länder (Germany)– Germany is a federal state composed of Länder (states) with significant autonomy.
- Oblasts (Russia)– Russia is divided into Oblasts, which are administrative provinces.
IncorrectAnswer: 1) A-IV, B-III, C-I, D-II
Explanation:- Cantons (Switzerland)– Switzerland is divided into Cantons, which are autonomous units.
- Counties (UK)– The UK is divided into counties, which serve as administrative regions.
- Länder (Germany)– Germany is a federal state composed of Länder (states) with significant autonomy.
- Oblasts (Russia)– Russia is divided into Oblasts, which are administrative provinces.
- Question 5 of 100
5. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsA spoils system means
I. A patronage system in politics
II. Rewarding supporters after victory
Ill. A system that is spoilt for choice
IV. An adjusted systemCorrectAnswer: 1) I and II (A patronage system in politics and rewarding supporters after victory)
Explanation: The spoils system refers to a practice in which a winning political party gives government jobs to its supporters as a reward for helping them get elected. This was famously used in the United States during Andrew Jackson’s presidency (1829–1837). The system led to corruption and inefficiency, which later led to civil service reforms like the Pendleton Act (1883) to introduce merit-based hiring.IncorrectAnswer: 1) I and II (A patronage system in politics and rewarding supporters after victory)
Explanation: The spoils system refers to a practice in which a winning political party gives government jobs to its supporters as a reward for helping them get elected. This was famously used in the United States during Andrew Jackson’s presidency (1829–1837). The system led to corruption and inefficiency, which later led to civil service reforms like the Pendleton Act (1883) to introduce merit-based hiring. - Question 6 of 100
6. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsMatch List-I with List-II
List- I List- II (A) Brazil I) V.Orban (B) Philippines II) Bolsonaro (C) Hungary III) R.Erdogan (D) Turkey IV) R.Duterte Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
CorrectAnswer: 2) A-II, B-IV, C-A, D-III
Explanation:- Brazil – Jair Bolsonaro(Right-wing leader, elected in 2018).
- Philippines – Rodrigo Duterte(Controversial for his “war on drugs”).
- Hungary – Viktor Orbán(Leader of the right-wing party Fidesz, accused of authoritarianism).
- Turkey – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan(President who transitioned Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system).
IncorrectAnswer: 2) A-II, B-IV, C-A, D-III
Explanation:- Brazil – Jair Bolsonaro(Right-wing leader, elected in 2018).
- Philippines – Rodrigo Duterte(Controversial for his “war on drugs”).
- Hungary – Viktor Orbán(Leader of the right-wing party Fidesz, accused of authoritarianism).
- Turkey – Recep Tayyip Erdoğan(President who transitioned Turkey from a parliamentary to a presidential system).
- Question 7 of 100
7. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho amongst these developed the Garbage Can Model of policy-making?
CorrectAns: (4)
IncorrectAns: (4)
- Question 8 of 100
8. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich among the following is not a form of authoritarian rule?
CorrectAns: (4)
IncorrectAns: (4)
- Question 9 of 100
9. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich Ideology Advocates the Absence of Government?
CorrectAns: (2)
IncorrectAns: (2)
- Question 10 of 100
10. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsHow many national parties are there in India?
CorrectAns: (2)
IncorrectAns: (2)
- Question 11 of 100
11. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe Duverger-Riker model tries to establish a link between:
CorrectAnswer: 3) Party System and Electoral System
IncorrectAnswer: 3) Party System and Electoral System
- Question 12 of 100
12. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWith which scholars of nationalism does Partha Chatterjee lay out his disagreement in his book “The Nation and Its Fragments: Colonial and Postcolonial Histories”?
CorrectAnswer: 3) Benedict Anderson
IncorrectAnswer: 3) Benedict Anderson
- Question 13 of 100
13. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following statements best captures the meaning of catch-all parties?
CorrectAnswer: 2) Parties reducing ideological baggage and appealing to the largest possible number of voters
IncorrectAnswer: 2) Parties reducing ideological baggage and appealing to the largest possible number of voters
- Question 14 of 100
14. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe emergence of constitutionalism is associated with:
CorrectAnswer: 1) The emergence of contracts between rulers and ruled
IncorrectAnswer: 1) The emergence of contracts between rulers and ruled
- Question 15 of 100
15. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsHerbert Marcuse uses the term ‘A comfortable, smooth, reasonable, democratic unfreedom’ for
CorrectAns: 1) Advanced Industrial Societies
IncorrectAns: 1) Advanced Industrial Societies
- Question 16 of 100
16. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsUnder proportional representation system—
CorrectAnswer: 1) The Minorities get representation in proportion to their strength.
IncorrectAnswer: 1) The Minorities get representation in proportion to their strength.
- Question 17 of 100
17. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsTheotonio Dos Santos’ conception of “New Dependency” based on monopoly capitalism is created by:
CorrectAns: 1) Multinational Corporations
IncorrectAns: 1) Multinational Corporations
- Question 18 of 100
18. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich one of the following is not associated with liberal nationalism of the eighteenth century?
CorrectAns: 4) Controlled Market
IncorrectAns: 4) Controlled Market
- Question 19 of 100
19. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich one among the following books is not authored by Partha Chatterjee?
CorrectAns: 4) The Idea of India
IncorrectAns: 4) The Idea of India
- Question 20 of 100
20. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich one of the following does not come under the categorisation of pure types of political culture by Almond and Verba?
CorrectAns: 2) Derivative
IncorrectAns: 2) Derivative
- Question 21 of 100
21. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho among the following distinguished four main cleavages ‐ centre‐periphery, state‐church, rural‐urban and workers‐employers cleavages ‐ created by two revolutions such as the national revolution and the industrial revolution respectively that constituted the bases for the formation of political parties in western democracies?
CorrectAns: 1) Lipset and Rokkan
IncorrectAns: 1) Lipset and Rokkan
- Question 22 of 100
22. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsAssertion (A): G. Sartori has presented a comprehensive analysis of multi-party systems.
Reason (R): Sartori classified political parties into four types: caucus, branch, cell, and militia.CorrectAns: (c) A is correct, but R is not correct.
IncorrectAns: (c) A is correct, but R is not correct.
- Question 23 of 100
23. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsA) Westphalia was not a European‐wide agreement, but a local affair.
B) Westphalia decreed that each territory would retain the religion it held on 1 January 1624.
C) Westphalia is the only starting point for thinking about these issues.
D) In the 1890s global order was widely understood through the lens of liberal internationalism or liberal solidarism.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:CorrectAns. 3) A and B only
IncorrectAns. 3) A and B only
- Question 24 of 100
24. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich among the following provisions of the Indian Constitution have been taken from the Weimar Constitution of Germany?
CorrectAns. 2) Suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency
IncorrectAns. 2) Suspension of Fundamental Rights during emergency
- Question 25 of 100
25. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho wrote the book The Civic Culture?
CorrectAns. 2) Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba
IncorrectAns. 2) Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba
- Question 26 of 100
26. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsSamuel Huntington posited which of the following ideas
CorrectAns. 2) Clash of civilizations
IncorrectAns. 2) Clash of civilizations
- Question 27 of 100
27. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho amongst the following gave the concept of the ‘Second Democratic Upsurge’?
CorrectCorrect Answer :‐ 4) Yogendra Yadav
IncorrectCorrect Answer :‐ 4) Yogendra Yadav
- Question 28 of 100
28. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho among the following argued ‘the indigenous, educated individuals staffing far‐ flung colonial empires were often the originators of nationalist ideologies’?
CorrectCorrect Answer :‐ 3) Benedict Anderson
IncorrectCorrect Answer :‐ 3) Benedict Anderson
- Question 29 of 100
29. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho among the following is associated with ‘Mass Society’ theories?
CorrectCorrect Answer :‐ 1) Erich Fromm
IncorrectCorrect Answer :‐ 1) Erich Fromm
- Question 30 of 100
30. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho among the following has described the party system in India as ‘single‐party dominance’?
CorrectCorrect Answer :‐ 1) Morris Jones
IncorrectCorrect Answer :‐ 1) Morris Jones
- Question 31 of 100
31. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsStructural Functionalism as a method was developed to study the politics of:-
CorrectCorrect Answer :- 1) Politics of developing countries
IncorrectCorrect Answer :- 1) Politics of developing countries
- Question 32 of 100
32. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho among the following gave a law about the relationship between the electoral system and party system?
CorrectCorrect Answer :- 2) Maurice Duverger
IncorrectCorrect Answer :- 2) Maurice Duverger
- Question 33 of 100
33. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho gave the catch’all model of the party system?
CorrectCorrect Answer :- 3) Otto Kirchheimer
IncorrectCorrect Answer :- 3) Otto Kirchheimer
- Question 34 of 100
34. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe ‘Clash of Civilization and New World Order’ predict an ideological shift in the post-cold war period from:-
CorrectCorrect Answer :- 2) Political ideology to culture and religion
IncorrectCorrect Answer :- 2) Political ideology to culture and religion
- Question 35 of 100
35. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho is associated with the work The Civic Culture (1963)?
CorrectCorrect Answer :- 4) Gabriel Almond and Sydney Verba
IncorrectCorrect Answer :- 4) Gabriel Almond and Sydney Verba
- Question 36 of 100
36. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho defined political culture as “the sum of the fundamental values, sentiments and knowledge that give form and substance to political processes”?
CorrectAns. 3) Lucian Pye
IncorrectAns. 3) Lucian Pye
- Question 37 of 100
37. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich one of the following does not belong to the properties and characteristics of the political system propounded by Gabriel A. Almond?
CorrectAns. 4) Homogeneity of Political Systems
IncorrectAns. 4) Homogeneity of Political Systems
- Question 38 of 100
38. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhat are the prominent types of authority mentioned by Max Weber?
CorrectAns. 4) All of the above
IncorrectAns. 4) All of the above
- Question 39 of 100
39. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following characteristics of representative democracies best represents a significant difference with direct democracy?
CorrectAns. 4) Citizens elect representatives to participate in the making of decisions and passing of laws
IncorrectAns. 4) Citizens elect representatives to participate in the making of decisions and passing of laws
- Question 40 of 100
40. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe distinctive features of Steven Lukes’ views on power are summarised in which of the following statements?
CorrectAns. 4) All of the above
IncorrectAns. 4) All of the above
- Question 41 of 100
41. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho is the author of The Discourse on Colonialism?
CorrectCorrect Answer :- 3) Aime Cesare
IncorrectCorrect Answer :- 3) Aime Cesare
- Question 42 of 100
42. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsAccording to David Held, what are the main challenges to the modern state?
CorrectAns. 4) All of the above
IncorrectAns. 4) All of the above
- Question 43 of 100
43. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following features have not been identified with the transition to modernity in the western countries?
CorrectAns. 4) Revival of ancient cultures
IncorrectAns. 4) Revival of ancient cultures
- Question 44 of 100
44. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich theory assumes that governments will be influenced by various interest groups but will not be biased for or against any groups?
CorrectAns. 2) Pluralist theory
IncorrectAns. 2) Pluralist theory
- Question 45 of 100
45. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsConsider the following statements about Historical Approach to the study of Political Science :
A) It focuses on a sequence of selected events within a particular phase
B) It is loaded with superficial resemblances
C) It believes in maintaining equitable system
D) It is speculative, ethical and metaphysical Of these :CorrectCorrect Answer. (2) A and B are correct
IncorrectCorrect Answer. (2) A and B are correct
- Question 46 of 100
46. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsConsider the following statements :
A) Duverger argues that a simple plurality single ballot system leads to a two party system.
B) Duverger and Sartori argue that the second ballot system/proportional representation leads to a multiparty system.
C) Robert Michels has articulated ‘Iron law of Oligarchy’.
D) The two main parties in the UK and USA are Mass parties.
Which of the statements mentioned above are correct ?CorrectCorrect Answer: 4) A, B, C and D
IncorrectCorrect Answer: 4) A, B, C and D
- Question 47 of 100
47. Question
Category: Comparative Politics“Action and relevance” and “better to be vague than non relevantly precise” refers to :
CorrectCorrect Answer:- (2) Post behaviouralism
IncorrectCorrect Answer:- (2) Post behaviouralism
- Question 48 of 100
48. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho among the following defines Behaviouralism as a protest movement within Political Science ?
CorrectCorrect Answer:- (1) Robert A. Dahl
IncorrectCorrect Answer:- (1) Robert A. Dahl
- Question 49 of 100
49. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsMax Weber has referred to the ‘ideal types’ of authority. Consider the following.
A) Traditional Authority
B) Modern Authority
C) Charismatic Authority
D) Legal-Rational Authority
Which of the above types are mentioned by Max Weber in his writings ?CorrectCorrect Answer: (2) A, C and D only
IncorrectCorrect Answer: (2) A, C and D only
- Question 50 of 100
50. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho said ‘History is the graveyard of elites’ ?
CorrectCorrect Answer: 3) Pareto
IncorrectCorrect Answer: 3) Pareto
- Question 51 of 100
51. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsDavid Easton’s analysis looked at politics in terms of its relationship with
CorrectAns. 2) Wider society
(David Easton viewed politics as a system embedded within and interacting with the wider society.)IncorrectAns. 2) Wider society
(David Easton viewed politics as a system embedded within and interacting with the wider society.) - Question 52 of 100
52. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following statements are correct?
I) All countries follow the proportional representation system.
II) Interest groups contest elections.
III) Political parties articulate the interests of the voters ..
IV) In presidential systems, the executive is directly elected.CorrectAns. 3) III and IV
III. Political parties articulate the interests of the voters.
IV. In presidential systems, the executive is directly elected.
(I and II are incorrect: not all countries follow proportional representation, and interest groups do not contest elections.)IncorrectAns. 3) III and IV
III. Political parties articulate the interests of the voters.
IV. In presidential systems, the executive is directly elected.
(I and II are incorrect: not all countries follow proportional representation, and interest groups do not contest elections.) - Question 53 of 100
53. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe term ‘development of underdevelopment’ is associated with
CorrectAns. 3) Dependency Theorists
IncorrectAns. 3) Dependency Theorists
- Question 54 of 100
54. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho among the following prefers the concept ‘political system’ instead of the ‘state’?
CorrectAns. 1) Behaviorists
(Behaviorists, including David Easton, focus on the political system as a dynamic process rather than the static concept of the state.)IncorrectAns. 1) Behaviorists
(Behaviorists, including David Easton, focus on the political system as a dynamic process rather than the static concept of the state.) - Question 55 of 100
55. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe concept of bounded rationality is proposed by
CorrectAns. 3) Herbert Simon
IncorrectAns. 3) Herbert Simon
- Question 56 of 100
56. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe behavioural approach to Comparative Politics emphasises:
CorrectAns. 1) Systematic collection and examination of facts
(The behavioral approach focuses on empirical data and observable behavior rather than formal structures or legal frameworks.)IncorrectAns. 1) Systematic collection and examination of facts
(The behavioral approach focuses on empirical data and observable behavior rather than formal structures or legal frameworks.) - Question 57 of 100
57. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe notion of bureaucratic rationality’ comes from:
CorrectAns. 3) Max Weber
(Max Weber is known for his theory of bureaucratic rationality, which emphasizes efficiency, hierarchy, and rules in organizations.)IncorrectAns. 3) Max Weber
(Max Weber is known for his theory of bureaucratic rationality, which emphasizes efficiency, hierarchy, and rules in organizations.) - Question 58 of 100
58. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsCatch-all party means:
CorrectAns. 1) A political party based on the support of different views and ideologies
(Catch-all parties aim to appeal to a broad spectrum of voters rather than a specific social group or ideology.)IncorrectAns. 1) A political party based on the support of different views and ideologies
(Catch-all parties aim to appeal to a broad spectrum of voters rather than a specific social group or ideology.) - Question 59 of 100
59. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe purpose of Voter-Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (WPAT) is to:
CorrectAns. 1) Enable a voter to verify whether his/her vote was cast correctly.
(VVPAT provides a paper record that allows voters to confirm their vote was recorded as intended.)IncorrectAns. 1) Enable a voter to verify whether his/her vote was cast correctly.
(VVPAT provides a paper record that allows voters to confirm their vote was recorded as intended.) - Question 60 of 100
60. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho among the following developed the concept of zone of indifference in respect of acceptance of authority by a subordinate?
CorrectAns. 2) Chester Barnard
(Chester Barnard introduced the concept of the “zone of indifference,” which refers to the range of orders a subordinate is willing to accept without questioning authority.)IncorrectAns. 2) Chester Barnard
(Chester Barnard introduced the concept of the “zone of indifference,” which refers to the range of orders a subordinate is willing to accept without questioning authority.) - Question 61 of 100
61. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsChoose the correct option for the matches
List- I List- II (A) South Africa I) Glasnost (B) USSR II) Two Plus Four Treaty (C) UK III) Apartheid (D) Germany IV) Magna Carta CorrectAnswer: 4) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Explanation:
South Africa – Apartheid: A policy of racial segregation ended in 1994 with Nelson Mandela’s presidency.
USSR – Glasnost: A policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s to promote openness and transparency.
UK – Magna Carta: A 1215 document that limited the king’s power and established legal rights.
Germany – Two Plus Four Treaty: A 1990 treaty between East & West Germany and the Allied Powers that allowed German reunification.IncorrectAnswer: 4) A-III, B-I, C-IV, D-II
Explanation:
South Africa – Apartheid: A policy of racial segregation ended in 1994 with Nelson Mandela’s presidency.
USSR – Glasnost: A policy introduced by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s to promote openness and transparency.
UK – Magna Carta: A 1215 document that limited the king’s power and established legal rights.
Germany – Two Plus Four Treaty: A 1990 treaty between East & West Germany and the Allied Powers that allowed German reunification. - Question 62 of 100
62. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsReferendum which is sometimes called as “citizen’s veto” is popular in
CorrectAnswer: 3) Switzerland
Explanation:
Switzerland has a strong tradition of direct democracy, where citizens can vote on laws and constitutional amendments through referendums. A “citizen’s veto” refers to the ability of citizens to reject legislation passed by the government.IncorrectAnswer: 3) Switzerland
Explanation:
Switzerland has a strong tradition of direct democracy, where citizens can vote on laws and constitutional amendments through referendums. A “citizen’s veto” refers to the ability of citizens to reject legislation passed by the government. - Question 63 of 100
63. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich country upholds disarmament as a constitutional principle?
CorrectAnswer: C. Japan
Explanation: Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution (adopted after World War II) prohibits Japan from maintaining an army for war. Though Japan has Self-Defense Forces, its military activities are restricted, and it depends on the US for security.IncorrectAnswer: C. Japan
Explanation: Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution (adopted after World War II) prohibits Japan from maintaining an army for war. Though Japan has Self-Defense Forces, its military activities are restricted, and it depends on the US for security. - Question 64 of 100
64. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho was the first woman in the world to be elected Prime Minister of a State?
CorrectAnswer: 4) Sirimavo Bandaranaike
Explanation: Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the first female Prime Minister in the world in 1960 when she was elected as Sri Lanka’s leader.IncorrectAnswer: 4) Sirimavo Bandaranaike
Explanation: Sirimavo Bandaranaike became the first female Prime Minister in the world in 1960 when she was elected as Sri Lanka’s leader. - Question 65 of 100
65. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWho authored ‘Reflections on the Revolution in France’?
CorrectAnswer: 1) Edmund Burke
Explanation: Burke, an English conservative thinker, criticized the French Revolution (1789) in his book Reflections on the Revolution in France, arguing that rapid change leads to chaos. His ideas influenced modern conservatism.IncorrectAnswer: 1) Edmund Burke
Explanation: Burke, an English conservative thinker, criticized the French Revolution (1789) in his book Reflections on the Revolution in France, arguing that rapid change leads to chaos. His ideas influenced modern conservatism. - Question 66 of 100
66. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe ‘Reign of terror’ is associated with
CorrectAnswer: 1) Jacobins of the French Revolution
Explanation: The Reign of Terror (1793–94) was a period during the French Revolution when the radical Jacobins, led by Maximilien Robespierre, executed thousands using the guillotine in the name of revolutionary purity. Eventually, Robespierre himself was executed.IncorrectAnswer: 1) Jacobins of the French Revolution
Explanation: The Reign of Terror (1793–94) was a period during the French Revolution when the radical Jacobins, led by Maximilien Robespierre, executed thousands using the guillotine in the name of revolutionary purity. Eventually, Robespierre himself was executed. - Question 67 of 100
67. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsArend Lijphart’s distinction between ‘majoritarian’ and ‘consensus’ democracies is based on which two fundamental dimensions?
CorrectAnswer: (2) Executive-parties and federal-unitary dimensions
Explanation: Lijphart identifies two core dimensions—the executive-parties dimension (presidential vs. parliamentary, two-party vs. multiparty) and the federal-unitary dimension (centralized vs. decentralized governance). His model contrasts ‘majoritarian’ systems (e.g., UK) with ‘consensus’ democracies (e.g., Switzerland).IncorrectAnswer: (2) Executive-parties and federal-unitary dimensions
Explanation: Lijphart identifies two core dimensions—the executive-parties dimension (presidential vs. parliamentary, two-party vs. multiparty) and the federal-unitary dimension (centralized vs. decentralized governance). His model contrasts ‘majoritarian’ systems (e.g., UK) with ‘consensus’ democracies (e.g., Switzerland). - Question 68 of 100
68. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following scholars criticized Marxist comparative politics for its economic determinism, arguing for a more autonomous role of political institutions?
CorrectAnswer: (3) Theda Skocpol
Explanation: In her book States and Social Revolutions, Skocpol rejects economic determinism and emphasizes the independent role of state structures in revolutionary change, contrasting classical Marxist interpretations.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Theda Skocpol
Explanation: In her book States and Social Revolutions, Skocpol rejects economic determinism and emphasizes the independent role of state structures in revolutionary change, contrasting classical Marxist interpretations. - Question 69 of 100
69. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsIn ‘The Civic Culture,’ Almond and Verba distinguish three types of political culture. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
CorrectAnswer: (4) Mobilizational
Explanation: The three ideal types of political culture identified by Almond and Verba are Parochial, Subject, and Civic. The term ‘Mobilizational Culture’ is associated more with totalitarian and authoritarian regimes rather than democratic systems.IncorrectAnswer: (4) Mobilizational
Explanation: The three ideal types of political culture identified by Almond and Verba are Parochial, Subject, and Civic. The term ‘Mobilizational Culture’ is associated more with totalitarian and authoritarian regimes rather than democratic systems. - Question 70 of 100
70. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsAccording to Lipset’s ‘modernization theory,’ which of the following factors is NOT positively correlated with democracy?
CorrectAnswer: (3) Large agrarian workforce
Explanation: Lipset argues that economic development fosters democracy through wealth, education, and urbanization. A large agrarian workforce is often associated with authoritarian tendencies due to economic dependency and hierarchical social structures.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Large agrarian workforce
Explanation: Lipset argues that economic development fosters democracy through wealth, education, and urbanization. A large agrarian workforce is often associated with authoritarian tendencies due to economic dependency and hierarchical social structures. - Question 71 of 100
71. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following scholars argued that ‘strong states’ are essential for democracy and economic development?
CorrectAnswer: (1) Francis Fukuyama
Explanation: Fukuyama, in Political Order and Political Decay, argues that state strength, rather than just democracy, is crucial for stability and economic progress. Weak states often collapse into instability.IncorrectAnswer: (1) Francis Fukuyama
Explanation: Fukuyama, in Political Order and Political Decay, argues that state strength, rather than just democracy, is crucial for stability and economic progress. Weak states often collapse into instability. - Question 72 of 100
72. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich approach to comparative politics focuses on ‘path dependence’ and ‘historical trajectories’ rather than rational choice models?
CorrectAnswer: (3) Historical Institutionalism
Explanation: Historical institutionalists argue that past decisions shape present political institutions through ‘path dependence’—meaning institutions evolve based on historical events rather than pure rational choices.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Historical Institutionalism
Explanation: Historical institutionalists argue that past decisions shape present political institutions through ‘path dependence’—meaning institutions evolve based on historical events rather than pure rational choices. - Question 73 of 100
73. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe ‘waves of democratization’ framework was developed by which scholar?
CorrectAnswer: (3) Samuel Huntington
Explanation: Huntington proposed the idea of three waves of democratization, identifying distinct global periods of democratic expansion and reverse waves of authoritarianism.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Samuel Huntington
Explanation: Huntington proposed the idea of three waves of democratization, identifying distinct global periods of democratic expansion and reverse waves of authoritarianism. - Question 74 of 100
74. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsIn comparative politics, ‘polyarchy’ refers to a system where:
CorrectAnswer: (3) Democratic institutions exist but with power concentrated in elites
Explanation: Robert Dahl’s concept of polyarchy describes a realistic form of democracy where multiple elites compete for power, but full participatory democracy is rare.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Democratic institutions exist but with power concentrated in elites
Explanation: Robert Dahl’s concept of polyarchy describes a realistic form of democracy where multiple elites compete for power, but full participatory democracy is rare. - Question 75 of 100
75. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsIn Skocpol’s analysis of social revolutions, what is the key driving force behind revolutionary change?
CorrectAnswer: (3) State breakdown and peasant rebellion
Explanation: Skocpol’s States and Social Revolutions argues that revolutions occur when state institutions collapse and peasants mobilize to challenge ruling elites.IncorrectAnswer: (3) State breakdown and peasant rebellion
Explanation: Skocpol’s States and Social Revolutions argues that revolutions occur when state institutions collapse and peasants mobilize to challenge ruling elites. - Question 76 of 100
76. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following theories challenges the Eurocentric model of state development by emphasizing non-Western state formation?
CorrectAnswer: (2) Dependency Theory
Explanation: Dependency theorists argue that Western models of development are not universal and that non-Western states develop under different historical conditions influenced by colonialism and global capitalism.IncorrectAnswer: (2) Dependency Theory
Explanation: Dependency theorists argue that Western models of development are not universal and that non-Western states develop under different historical conditions influenced by colonialism and global capitalism. - Question 77 of 100
77. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following is a primary criticism of Rational Choice Institutionalism in comparative politics?
CorrectAnswer: (3) It ignores historical context and institutional constraints
Explanation: Rational Choice Institutionalism assumes that political actors make decisions based on cost-benefit calculations but often neglects the impact of historical legacies and institutional frameworks that limit their choices.IncorrectAnswer: (3) It ignores historical context and institutional constraints
Explanation: Rational Choice Institutionalism assumes that political actors make decisions based on cost-benefit calculations but often neglects the impact of historical legacies and institutional frameworks that limit their choices. - Question 78 of 100
78. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsAccording to Guillermo O’Donnell’s theory of ‘Bureaucratic Authoritarianism,’ what leads to its emergence?
CorrectAnswer: (2) Industrialization and dependency on global markets
Explanation: O’Donnell argued that bureaucratic authoritarianism emerges in developing countries where rapid industrialization creates tensions, leading elites to suppress mass participation through authoritarian rule.IncorrectAnswer: (2) Industrialization and dependency on global markets
Explanation: O’Donnell argued that bureaucratic authoritarianism emerges in developing countries where rapid industrialization creates tensions, leading elites to suppress mass participation through authoritarian rule. - Question 79 of 100
79. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsIn Comparative Politics, ‘New Institutionalism’ refers to a shift in focus from:
CorrectAnswer: (3) Formal institutions to rules, norms, and practices
Explanation: New Institutionalism moves beyond just analyzing formal institutions and incorporates the informal rules, norms, and historical processes that shape political behavior.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Formal institutions to rules, norms, and practices
Explanation: New Institutionalism moves beyond just analyzing formal institutions and incorporates the informal rules, norms, and historical processes that shape political behavior. - Question 80 of 100
80. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich political thinker introduced the concept of ‘hegemonic stability theory’ in international relations, which also applies to dominant political systems in comparative politics?
CorrectAnswer: (3) Robert Keohane
Explanation: Hegemonic Stability Theory suggests that a dominant power (hegemon) is necessary to maintain order in international and political systems, influencing governance even within domestic politics.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Robert Keohane
Explanation: Hegemonic Stability Theory suggests that a dominant power (hegemon) is necessary to maintain order in international and political systems, influencing governance even within domestic politics. - Question 81 of 100
81. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following best describes the ‘Westminster Model’ of democracy?
CorrectAnswer: (2) A parliamentary system with centralization of power
Explanation: The Westminster Model, as seen in the UK, features a parliamentary system, centralized governance, and majoritarian rule.IncorrectAnswer: (2) A parliamentary system with centralization of power
Explanation: The Westminster Model, as seen in the UK, features a parliamentary system, centralized governance, and majoritarian rule. - Question 82 of 100
82. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsAccording to Gabriel Almond’s Structural-Functional Approach, which of the following is NOT a function performed by political systems?
CorrectAnswer: (2) Patron-client relationships
Explanation: Patron-client relationships are a form of informal political networking rather than a formal function of political systems. Almond’s model focuses on interest articulation, aggregation, rule-making, rule-application, and rule-adjudication.IncorrectAnswer: (2) Patron-client relationships
Explanation: Patron-client relationships are a form of informal political networking rather than a formal function of political systems. Almond’s model focuses on interest articulation, aggregation, rule-making, rule-application, and rule-adjudication. - Question 83 of 100
83. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhat is the central argument of Dependency Theory in comparative politics?
CorrectAnswer: (3) Global capitalism creates a core-periphery structure that disadvantages developing nations
Explanation: Dependency Theory (Andre Gunder Frank, Wallerstein) argues that developing countries remain underdeveloped due to their economic dependence on developed nations.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Global capitalism creates a core-periphery structure that disadvantages developing nations
Explanation: Dependency Theory (Andre Gunder Frank, Wallerstein) argues that developing countries remain underdeveloped due to their economic dependence on developed nations. - Question 84 of 100
84. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsIn which of the following cases is ‘pacted transition’ to democracy most likely to occur?
CorrectAnswer: (3) When ruling elites negotiate controlled democratic reforms
Explanation: Pacted transitions occur when elites from authoritarian regimes negotiate with opposition forces to control the process of democratization while maintaining some power.IncorrectAnswer: (3) When ruling elites negotiate controlled democratic reforms
Explanation: Pacted transitions occur when elites from authoritarian regimes negotiate with opposition forces to control the process of democratization while maintaining some power. - Question 85 of 100
85. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following scholars is associated with the ‘Waves of State Formation’ in comparative politics?
CorrectAnswer: (1) Charles Tilly
Explanation: Tilly’s analysis of state formation focuses on how war-making and capital accumulation led to the creation of modern nation-states.IncorrectAnswer: (1) Charles Tilly
Explanation: Tilly’s analysis of state formation focuses on how war-making and capital accumulation led to the creation of modern nation-states. - Question 86 of 100
86. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following is a characteristic feature of a ‘competitive authoritarian regime’ as defined by Levitsky and Way?
CorrectAnswer: (2) Elections exist but are systematically unfair
Explanation: Competitive authoritarian regimes conduct elections but manipulate them through media control, legal repression, and electoral fraud.IncorrectAnswer: (2) Elections exist but are systematically unfair
Explanation: Competitive authoritarian regimes conduct elections but manipulate them through media control, legal repression, and electoral fraud. - Question 87 of 100
87. Question
Category: Comparative Politics‘Electoral Volatility’ refers to:
CorrectAnswer: (2) Shifting voter preferences leading to changing party dominance
Explanation: Electoral volatility means voters frequently switch party preferences, often leading to unstable political outcomes.IncorrectAnswer: (2) Shifting voter preferences leading to changing party dominance
Explanation: Electoral volatility means voters frequently switch party preferences, often leading to unstable political outcomes. - Question 88 of 100
88. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich scholar argued that ‘authoritarian regimes can sometimes produce economic growth’?
CorrectAnswer: (3) Adam Przeworski
Explanation: Przeworski’s research showed that some authoritarian regimes (e.g., China, Singapore) have achieved high economic growth, unlike many democracies.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Adam Przeworski
Explanation: Przeworski’s research showed that some authoritarian regimes (e.g., China, Singapore) have achieved high economic growth, unlike many democracies. - Question 89 of 100
89. Question
Category: Comparative Politics‘Laissez-faire’ economic policies are associated with which political ideology?
CorrectAnswer: (2) Liberalism
Explanation: Laissez-faire means minimal government intervention in the economy, a core idea of classical liberalism (Adam Smith).IncorrectAnswer: (2) Liberalism
Explanation: Laissez-faire means minimal government intervention in the economy, a core idea of classical liberalism (Adam Smith). - Question 90 of 100
90. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich political scientist introduced the concept of ‘Civic Republicanism’?
CorrectAnswer: (4) Quentin Skinner
Explanation: Civic republicanism emphasizes active citizenship, public participation, and common good over individualism.IncorrectAnswer: (4) Quentin Skinner
Explanation: Civic republicanism emphasizes active citizenship, public participation, and common good over individualism. - Question 91 of 100
91. Question
Category: Comparative Politics‘Majoritarian Democracies’ typically have which of the following features?
CorrectAnswer: (2) Strong executive dominance
Explanation: Majoritarian systems (e.g., UK) have strong executives, single-party rule, and centralized power.IncorrectAnswer: (2) Strong executive dominance
Explanation: Majoritarian systems (e.g., UK) have strong executives, single-party rule, and centralized power. - Question 92 of 100
92. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsNations seen as imagined communities is a conceptual category contributed by
CorrectCorrect option: (2) Benedict Anderson
Explanation: In his book Imagined Communities (1983), Benedict Anderson argued that nations are socially constructed and exist because people perceive themselves as part of a shared community, even though they may never meet most of their fellow citizens.IncorrectCorrect option: (2) Benedict Anderson
Explanation: In his book Imagined Communities (1983), Benedict Anderson argued that nations are socially constructed and exist because people perceive themselves as part of a shared community, even though they may never meet most of their fellow citizens. - Question 93 of 100
93. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsAll knowledge is gained from sense experience is a central epistemological principle associated with with political philosopher?
CorrectCorrect option: (3) David Hume
Explanation: Hume was an empiricist who argued that human knowledge comes from sensory experience rather than innate ideas or pure reason. This principle is a key part of empiricism, which opposes rationalist philosophies.IncorrectCorrect option: (3) David Hume
Explanation: Hume was an empiricist who argued that human knowledge comes from sensory experience rather than innate ideas or pure reason. This principle is a key part of empiricism, which opposes rationalist philosophies. - Question 94 of 100
94. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsAccording to C Wright mills a combination of several groups who exercised all power by virtue of their high status in all important spheres of life can be described as
CorrectCorrect option: (2) Power Elites
Explanation: C. Wright Mills, in The Power Elite (1956), described how a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders hold most of the power in society, often making key decisions without democratic input.IncorrectCorrect option: (2) Power Elites
Explanation: C. Wright Mills, in The Power Elite (1956), described how a small group of military, corporate, and political leaders hold most of the power in society, often making key decisions without democratic input. - Question 95 of 100
95. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich sociologists propounded the iron law of oligarchy?
CorrectCorrect option: (4) Robert Michels
Explanation: Robert Michels formulated the Iron Law of Oligarchy, which states that all organizations, even democratic ones, inevitably become ruled by a small elite due to bureaucratic structures and power consolidation.IncorrectCorrect option: (4) Robert Michels
Explanation: Robert Michels formulated the Iron Law of Oligarchy, which states that all organizations, even democratic ones, inevitably become ruled by a small elite due to bureaucratic structures and power consolidation. - Question 96 of 100
96. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsA set of principles of justice which belong to the unwritten part of law is described as
CorrectCorrect option: (1) Natural Justice
Explanationnatural justice
: Natural justice refers to fundamental legal principles such as the right to a fair hearing and the rule against bias. It is considered an inherent part of justice systems, ensuring fairness in legal and administrative decisions.
IncorrectCorrect option: (1) Natural Justice
Explanationnatural justice
: Natural justice refers to fundamental legal principles such as the right to a fair hearing and the rule against bias. It is considered an inherent part of justice systems, ensuring fairness in legal and administrative decisions.
- Question 97 of 100
97. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThat the ‘Structure of legitimation’ within the capitalist society usually prevents any challenge to authority is the formulation by
CorrectCorrect option: (1) Antonio Gramsci
Explanation: Gramsci, a Marxist theorist, developed the concept of hegemony, which explains how the ruling class maintains power not just through force but through ideological control and cultural leadership. His idea of the “structure of legitimation” refers to how societal institutions (like education, media, and religion) reinforce capitalist authority, making it difficult for people to challenge the system.IncorrectCorrect option: (1) Antonio Gramsci
Explanation: Gramsci, a Marxist theorist, developed the concept of hegemony, which explains how the ruling class maintains power not just through force but through ideological control and cultural leadership. His idea of the “structure of legitimation” refers to how societal institutions (like education, media, and religion) reinforce capitalist authority, making it difficult for people to challenge the system. - Question 98 of 100
98. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsThe most dispersed country in the world is
CorrectCorrect option: (2) Maldives
Maldives is the most dispersed country in the world, consisting of around 1,192 coral islands spread over 90,000 square kilometers in the Indian Ocean. The islands are grouped into 26 atolls, making it the most geographically scattered nation.IncorrectCorrect option: (2) Maldives
Maldives is the most dispersed country in the world, consisting of around 1,192 coral islands spread over 90,000 square kilometers in the Indian Ocean. The islands are grouped into 26 atolls, making it the most geographically scattered nation. - Question 99 of 100
99. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsIn which country does the “Politburo” play a dominant role in governance?
CorrectAnswer: (3) China
China’s Communist Party is governed by the “Politburo,” which makes key political decisions.IncorrectAnswer: (3) China
China’s Communist Party is governed by the “Politburo,” which makes key political decisions. - Question 100 of 100
100. Question
Category: Comparative PoliticsWhich of the following political systems follows a “Presidential Form of Government”?
CorrectAnswer: (3) Brazil
Brazil follows a presidential system where the President is both Head of State and Head of Government.IncorrectAnswer: (3) Brazil
Brazil follows a presidential system where the President is both Head of State and Head of Government.