I. Political Parties and Party System

National Parties and State Parties; Trends in the Party System; From Congress System to Multi-Party Alliances

II. Determinants of Voting Behavior

Electoral Process, Representation and social determinants of voting behavior; Election Commission and Electoral Reforms

III. Religion and Politics

Debate on Secularism

Minority and Majority Communalism

IV. Caste and Politics

Politicization of Caste and Caste in Politics

V. Tribes and Politics

Policies and Challenges: Fifth and Sixth Schedules; Forest Rights Act; Development and Issues
of Displacement

VI. The changing nature of the Indian state

Developmental, Welfare and Resilient Dimensions