Chapter 4: International Organizations PYQs | CUET UG
Previous year CUET UG questions from this chapter.
File: June 19 Shift 3, 2023
1. The UN was founded as a successor to the :
○ (1) League of Nations
○ (2) Allied Force of Nations
○ (3) World’s Peace Nation
○ (4) Nations Association of Peace
Answer: (1) League of Nations
Explanation: The United Nations was established in 1945, immediately after World War II, with the primary goal of preventing future global conflicts. It was designed to replace the League of Nations, which was created after World War I but was widely considered to have failed in its mission to prevent the outbreak of another major war.
2. Which treaty between the United States and Soviet Union, signed in 1972, tried to stop using missiles as a defensive shield to launch a nuclear attack ?
○ (1) Biological Weapons Convention (BWC)
○ (2) Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC)
○ (3) Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT)
○ (4) Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty
Answer: (4) Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty
Explanation: The Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty was signed in 1972 between the US and the USSR to limit the deployment of missile systems that could theoretically shoot down incoming ballistic missiles. The idea was to ensure that both sides remained vulnerable to a retaliatory strike, thus upholding the strategic stability doctrine of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) and discouraging either side from launching a first strike.
3. Kyoto Protocol was signed by India in :
○ (1) September 1997
○ (2) August 1999
○ (3) September 2003
○ (4) August 2002
Answer: (4) August 2002
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol, an international treaty aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions, was adopted in Kyoto, Japan, in December 1997. India signed and ratified the protocol in August 2002, committing to its framework for climate change mitigation.
From June 18 Shift 3 2023
1. North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO) came into existence in
1. March 1949
2. April 1949
3. May 1949
4. June 1949
Answer: 2. April 1949
Explanation: NATO was officially formed with the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on April 4, 1949, in Washington, D.C. It was created as a collective defense alliance to counter the perceived threat of Soviet expansion in post-war Europe.
2. The Eastern alliance, known as the Warsaw Pact, was led by the Soviet Union was created in
1. 1945
2. 1949
3. 1955
4. 1957
Answer: 3. 1955
Explanation: The Warsaw Pact was established on May 14, 1955, as a direct response to West Germany’s integration into NATO. It was a military alliance of the Soviet Union and its satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe, serving as the Eastern Bloc’s counterpart to NATO.
3. Which Article of the Indian constitution lays down some directive principles of State policy on ‘Promotion of international peace and security’
1. Article 51
2. Article 52
3. Article 53
4. Article 54
Answer: 1. Article 51
Explanation: Article 51 is part of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution. It specifically directs the Indian state to promote international peace and security, maintain just relations between nations, foster respect for international law, and encourage the settlement of international disputes through arbitration.
4. BRIC was formed in which year
1. 2005
2. 2006
3. 2007
4. 2008
Answer: 2. 2006
Explanation: The acronym “BRIC” was coined in 2001, but the group began to take shape as a formal political entity later. The first meeting of the foreign ministers of Brazil, Russia, India, and China took place in 2006, marking the formal establishment of the bloc.
5. Match List I with List II
○ List I
■ A. IAEA
■ B. World Bank
■ C. Human Rights Council
■ D. WTO
○ List II
■ I. 2006
■ II. 1995
■ III. 1957
■ IV. 1944
○ Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
1. A-IV, B-I, C-II, D-III
2. A-I, B-II, C-III, D-IV
3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
4. A-II, B-III, C-I, D-IV
Answer: 3. A-III, B-IV, C-I, D-II
Explanation:
A. IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) was founded in III. 1957.
B. World Bank was established as part of the Bretton Woods Agreement in IV. 1944.
C. Human Rights Council was created by the UN General Assembly in I. 2006, replacing the UN Commission on Human Rights.
D. WTO (World Trade Organization) was established on January 1, II. 1995, succeeding the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
From CUET UG 2024
1. The model of transition in Russia, Central Asia and East Europe that was influenced by World Bank and the IMF came to be known as:
○ (1) Current Therapy
○ (2) Shock Therapy
○ (3) Fiscal Therapy
○ (4) Glasnost
Answer: (2) Shock Therapy
Explanation: “Shock Therapy” was the term used to describe the abrupt and comprehensive economic reforms, including rapid privatization and liberalization, that were implemented in Russia and other post-communist states. These reforms were heavily influenced by the economic models promoted by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
2. Which of the following countries have not accepted Euro as the common currency ?
(1) Denmark and Sweden
(2) Spain and Portugal
(3) Greece and Germany
(4) France and Austria
Answer: (1) Denmark and Sweden
Explanation: While most European Union members are part of the Eurozone, Denmark and Sweden are notable exceptions. Both countries have legally opted out of adopting the Euro and continue to use their national currencies, the Danish Krone and the Swedish Krona, respectively.
3. The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) established in 1994, is the organization that carries out the coordination of:
○ (1) Trade and Finance
○ (2) Friendship and Solidarity
○ (3) Security and Foreign Policy
○ (4) Investment and Labour
Answer: (3) Security and Foreign Policy
Explanation: The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was created to serve as a primary platform for dialogue and consultation on regional political and security issues in the Asia-Pacific. Its main objective is to foster trust and preventive diplomacy among its members.
4. Which of the following countries joined SAARC in the year 2007?
○ (1) Bhutan
○ (2) Nepal
○ (3) Afghanistan
○ (4) Bangladesh
Answer: (3) Afghanistan
Explanation: The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) expanded its membership for the first time by admitting Afghanistan as its eighth member state at the 14th SAARC summit in 2007.
5. Which of the following countries is not included in South Asia ?
(1) Pakistan
(2) China
(3) Bangladesh
(4) Nepal
Answer: (2) China
Explanation: South Asia typically includes the countries on the Indian subcontinent. While China shares a border with several South Asian nations, it is geographically and geopolitically considered part of East Asia.
6. At the Yalta Conference, the ‘Big Three’ decided to organise a United Nations Conference on the proposed world organisation. The ‘Big Three’ stood for:
(1) Roosevelt, Churchill and Krushchev
(2) Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
(3) Deng Xiaoping, Churchill and Stalin
(4) Kennedy, Attlee and Stalin
Answer: (2) Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin
Explanation: The “Big Three” who met at the Yalta Conference in February 1945 were the leaders of the main Allied powers: U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, and Soviet Premier Joseph Stalin. They made key decisions about the post-war order, including the formation of the United Nations.
7. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established in:
(1) 1951
(2) 1953
(3) 1955
(4) 1957
Answer: (4) 1957
Explanation: The IAEA was formally established on July 29, 1957. It functions as an autonomous organization under the United Nations, serving as the global center for cooperation in the nuclear field and working to promote the safe, secure, and peaceful use of nuclear technology.
8. Which of the following organizations provides loans and grants to member countries for human development (education and health), agriculture and rural development infrastructure and environment protection ?
(1) WTO
(2) World Bank
(3) IMF
(4) UNO
Answer: (2) World Bank
Explanation: The World Bank is a major international financial institution that provides loans and grants to the governments of low- and middle-income countries for the purpose of pursuing capital projects. Its official goal is the reduction of poverty, and it funds a wide range of development projects in areas like education, health, and infrastructure.
9. What is the full form of START?
(1) Strategic Arms Reduction Toll
(2) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
(3) Strategic Arms Reduction Tactics
(4) Strategic Arms Reduction Tax
Answer: (2) Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty
Explanation: START (Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty) refers to a series of bilateral arms control treaties between the United States and the Soviet Union (and its successor, Russia) aimed at reducing and limiting the number of strategic nuclear weapons.
10. Which of the following is a threat to Global security ?
(1) Human Rights
(2) Arms Control
(3) Terrorism
(4) Disarmament
Answer: (3) Terrorism
Explanation: Terrorism is considered a major threat to global security as it involves acts of violence intended to create fear and destabilize societies and governments on an international scale. Human rights, arms control, and disarmament are concepts and processes aimed at enhancing global security.
11. When was the Kyoto Protocol signed?
(1) 1992
(2) 1995
(3) 1997
(4) 1999
Answer: (3) 1997
Explanation: The Kyoto Protocol was adopted at the third Conference of the Parties to the UNFCCC (COP 3) in Kyoto, Japan, on December 11, 1997. It operationalized the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
12. Which of the following global platforms brings together Human Rights activists, environmentalists, labour, youth and women activists opposed to neo liberal globalization ?
(1) World Economic Forum
(2) World Social Forum
(3) World Cultural Forum
(4) G-20
Answer: (2) World Social Forum
Explanation: The World Social Forum (WSF) is an annual gathering of civil society organizations and activists who are critical of neo-liberal globalization. It serves as an alternative to the World Economic Forum and aims to develop alternative social and economic models under the slogan “Another world is possible”.
13. Which of the statement is true about globalization ?1
(1) Globalization is purely an economic phenomenon.2
(2) Globalization is purely a cultural phenomenon.3
(3) Globalization is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.4
(4) Globalization has had a universal impact on all states and societies5.
Answer: (3) Globalization is a multi-dimensional phenomenon.
Explanation: Globalization is a complex and multifaceted process that involves economic, political, cultural, social, and technological dimensions. It cannot be reduced to a single aspect. While it is a global process, its impacts are not uniform and vary significantly across different states and societies.
14. Who was the second Secretary General of the UN?
(1) U. Thant
(2) Trygve Lie
(3) Dag Hammarskjöld
(4) Kurt Waldheim
Answer: (3) Dag Hammarskjold
Explanation: Trygve Lie of Norway was the first UN Secretary-General. He was succeeded by Dag Hammarskjöld of Sweden, who served as the second Secretary-General from 1953 until his death in 1961.
15. Which day is celebrated as the UN day?
(1) 20th October
(2) 22nd October
(3) 24th October
(4) 26th October
Answer: (3) 24th October
Explanation: United Nations Day is celebrated annually on October 24th. This date marks the anniversary of the entry into force of the UN Charter in 1945, which officially established the United Nations.
16. The UN was founded as a successor to which of the following?
(1) League of Nations
(2) Concert of Europe
(3) Council of Europe
(4) Hague Conference
Answer: (1) League of Nations
Explanation: The United Nations was created to replace the League of Nations. The League, formed after World War I, was deemed ineffective after it failed to prevent the outbreak of World War II, leading the Allied powers to design a new, more robust international organization.
17. Write the full form of UNDP.
(1) United Nations Development Planning
(2) United Nations Development Programme
(3) United Nations Design Programme
(4) United News Development Programme
Answer: (2) United Nations Development Programme
Explanation: UNDP stands for the United Nations Development Programme. It is the UN’s global development network, focused on helping countries eliminate poverty and achieve sustainable economic growth and human development.
From CUET UG 2022.
1. The full form of OECD is:
(1) Organization for Export Co-operation and Development
(2) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
(3) Organization for Energy Co-operation and Development
(4) Organization for Europe Co-operation and Development
Answer: (2) Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
Explanation: The OECD is an international organization founded in 1961 to stimulate economic progress and world trade. It is a forum of countries describing themselves as committed to democracy and the market economy.
2. ASEAN was established in year:
○ (1) 1965
○ (2) 1967
○ (3) 1970
○ (4) 1972
Answer: (2) 1967
Explanation: The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on August 8, 1967, in Bangkok, Thailand, with the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration) by its five founding members.
3. The Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was sent to Sri Lanka in:
○ (1) 1985
○ (2) 1987
○ (3) 1988
○ (4) 1989
Answer: (2) 1987
Explanation: The Indian Peace Keeping Force (IPKF) was deployed to Sri Lanka in 1987 as part of the Indo-Sri Lanka Accord. Its initial mission was to oversee the disarmament of Sri Lankan Tamil militant groups, including the LTTE.
4. Identify the correct statement about the World Trade Organization.
(1) It was established in 1994
(2) All decisions are taken by the five dominant economics in the world7
(3) It formulates rules for national and international trade
(4) It succeeded General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT)
Answer: (4) It succeeded General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT)
Explanation: The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established on January 1, 1995, succeeding the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which had been in place since 1948. The WTO significantly expanded the scope of international trade regulation. Statement (1) is wrong (it’s 1995), (2) is wrong (decisions are by consensus of all members), and (3) is wrong (it deals with international trade rules, not national ones).
5. Match List – I with List – II.
○ List – I
■ (A) Atoms for peace
■ (B) Rules of global trade
■ (C) Economic & social cooperation
■ (D) Advocacy on human rights
○ List – II
■ (I) WTO
■ (II) ECOSOC
■ (III) International NGO
■ (IV) IAEA
○ Choose the correct answer from the options given below :
(1) (A) – (III), (B) – (II), (C) – (I), (D) – (IV)
(2) (A) – (IV), (B) – (I), (C) – (II), (D) – (III)
(3) (A) – (IV), (B) – (II), (C) – (III), (D) – (I)
(4) (A) – (III), (B) – (I), (C) – (II), (D) – (IV)
Answer: (2) (A) – (IV), (B) – (I), (C) – (II), (D) – (III)
Explanation:
(A) Atoms for peace is the slogan and mission associated with the (IV) IAEA, which promotes the peaceful use of nuclear energy.
(B) Rules of global trade are the purview of the (I) WTO.
(C) Economic & social cooperation is a core mandate of the (II) ECOSOC (UN Economic and Social Council).
(D) Advocacy on human rights is a primary function of many (III) International NGOs like Amnesty International or Human Rights Watch.
6. Veto power can be best described as:
(1) A special power enjoyed by all the members of the UN Security Council11
(2) A negative vote which means ‘I forbid’
(3) Monetary benefits given to the permanent members of the13 UNO
(4) A special power enjoyed by the Secretary General of the UNO
Answer: (2) A negative vote which means ‘I forbid’
Explanation: The term “veto” comes from the Latin for “I forbid.” In the context of the UN Security Council, it refers to the power of the five permanent members (P5) to cast a negative vote that unilaterally stops an official action or resolution from being passed, regardless of the level of international support.
7. Choose the incorrect statement about political consequences of globalisation.
(1) It erodes the ability of government
(2) Welfare state will be strengthen
(3) Minimalist state
(4) Capitalist policies
Answer: (2) Welfare state will be strengthen
Explanation: One of the significant political consequences and criticisms of globalization is that it weakens the capacity of the state, particularly the welfare state. The argument is that global economic pressures and the free movement of capital force states to reduce social spending and regulations to remain competitive, leading to a “minimalist state” that performs only core functions, rather than a strengthened welfare state. Therefore, the statement that the welfare state will be strengthened is incorrect.
Multiple Choice Questions: International Organisations
Instructions: Choose the most appropriate option for each question.
1. The primary role of international organisations after the collapse of the Soviet Union, as discussed in the chapter, includes:
a) Restructuring to cope with new challenges like the rise of US power.
b) Focusing solely on economic development in developing nations.
c) Acting as super-states with authority over their members.
d) Directly intervening in all civil wars and ethnic conflicts.
2. The United Nations’ logo signifies:
a) Economic prosperity and global trade.
b) World peace, with a world map surrounded by olive branches.
c) Military alliances and security pacts.
d) Technological advancement and innovation.
3. According to Dag Hammarskjold, the UN’s second Secretary-General, the United Nations was created:
a) To take humanity to heaven.
b) To save humanity from hell.
c) To establish a world government.
d) To promote capitalism globally.
4. Shashi Tharoor defends the UN as a “talking shop” by stating:
a) Talking is better than war.
b) Speeches and meetings are irrelevant.
c) It is a place for countries to bore each other with words rather than on the battlefield.
d) Both a and c.
5. International organisations are important because they help with:
a) Matters of war and peace.
b) Countries cooperating to make better living conditions for all.
c) Providing mechanisms, rules, and bureaucracy for cooperation.
d) All of the above.
6. An example of an issue so challenging that it can only be dealt with when everyone works together, as mentioned in the text, is:
a) Local governance.
b) Disease eradication.
c) National budget deficits.
d) Regional cultural preservation.
7. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) oversees:
a) Only environmental regulations.
b) Financial institutions and regulations at the international level.
c) Military spending of member countries.
d) Agricultural policies worldwide.
8. As of February 19, 2024, the IMF has 190 member countries, but:
a) All members enjoy an equal say.
b) G-7 members hold a significant percentage of the votes.
c) China, India, and Russia have no voting power.
d) Only developing countries have a say.
9. The League of Nations was born after the First World War with the belief that it would:
a) Promote trade agreements.
b) Help the world avoid war.
c) Establish a global currency.
d) Create a single world army.
10. The United Nations (UN) was founded as a successor to the League of Nations in:
a) 1939.
b) 1945.
c) 1950.
d) 1965.
11. The UN’s objective is to:
a) Promote national interests of powerful states.
b) Prevent international conflict and facilitate cooperation among states.
c) Encourage military alliances.
d) Control global media.
12. By 2011, the UN had how many member states?
a) 51.
b) 115.
c) 193.
d) 200.
13. In the UN General Assembly, each member state has:
a) Votes proportional to their economic power.
b) One vote.
c) Veto power.
d) Votes based on population size.
14. The five permanent members of the UN Security Council are:
a) USA, Germany, Japan, India, Brazil.
b) USA, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China. 25
c) China, India, Brazil, South Africa, Germany.
d) United Kingdom, France, Canada, Australia, Italy.
15. These permanent members were selected because:
a) They are the most populous countries.
b) They were the most powerful immediately after the Second World War and constituted the victors. 26
c) They contribute the most to the UN budget.
d) They respect democracy and human rights the most.
16. The current Secretary-General of the UN is:
a) Ban Ki-moon.
b) Kofi A. Annan.
c) António Guterres.
d) Dag Hammarskjold.
17. Two basic kinds of reforms facing the UN are:
a) Reform of its financial systems and internal audits.
b) Reform of the organisation’s structures and processes, and a review of issues within its jurisdiction.
c) Reform of its public relations and marketing strategies.
d) Reform of its military and peacekeeping forces only.
18. The biggest discussion concerning the reform of UN structures and processes has been on the functioning of the:
a) General Assembly.
b) International Court of Justice.
c) Security Council.
d) Economic and Social Council.
19. One of the proposed criteria for new permanent and non-permanent members of the Security Council is:
a) Being a major economic power.
b) Being a major military power.
c) Being a substantial contributor to the UN budget.
d) All of the above.
20. Which country was the largest contributor to the UN regular budget for 2019?
a) China.
b) Japan.
c) USA.
d) Germany.
21. The World Bank’s activities are primarily focused on:
a) Developed countries.
b) Developing countries.
c) Regional trade agreements.
d) Military aid to nations.
22. The main privileges of the five permanent members of the Security Council are:
a) Unlimited terms of service.
b) Permanency and the veto power. 42
c) Exclusive control over the UN budget.
d) The right to elect the Secretary-General independently.
23. A permanent member’s negative vote in the Security Council, even if all other members vote for a decision, can:
a) Lead to immediate war.
b) Stall the decision.
c) Require a re-vote by the General Assembly.
d) Be overruled by the Secretary-General.
24. India supports an increase in the number of both permanent and non-permanent members in the Security Council primarily because:
a) It wants to assert dominance over its neighbours.
b) It believes it will harm the representative character of the Security Council.
c) An expanded Council will enjoy greater support in the world community.
d) It only wants veto power for itself.
25. India’s claim to a permanent seat in the Security Council is justified by factors such as:
a) Its small population.
b) Its economic emergence and substantial role in UN peacekeeping efforts.
c) Its history of not participating in UN initiatives.
d) Its reluctance to contribute financially to the UN.
26. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) was set up in 1995 as the successor to:
a) The International Monetary Fund.
b) The General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT).
c) The World Health Organisation.
d) The UN Development Programme.
27. Within the UN, the influence of the US is considerable due to:
a) Its physical location within the US territory.
b) Its role as the single largest financial contributor.
c) Its veto power.
d) All of the above.
28. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was established to:
a) Develop nuclear weapons.
b) Promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and prevent its use for military purposes.
c) Control global oil reserves.
d) Regulate international travel.
29. Amnesty International is an NGO that campaigns for:
a) Economic sanctions against all governments.
b) The protection of human rights all over the world.
c) Military interventions in all conflicts.
d) Exclusive national sovereignty.
Answer Key and Explanations
1. a) Restructuring to cope with new challenges like the rise of US power.
○ Explanation: The overview clearly states that the chapter will examine calls for restructuring international organisations to cope with new challenges, including the rise of US power after the collapse of the Soviet Union.
2. b) World peace, with a world map surrounded by olive branches.
○ Explanation: The text explicitly states, “The emblem has a world map with olive branches around it, signifying world peace.”
3. b) To save humanity from hell.
○ Explanation: Dag Hammarskjold is quoted as saying, “The United Nations was not created to take humanity to heaven, but to save it from hell.”
4. d) Both a and c.
○ Explanation: Shashi Tharoor says, “jaw-jaw is better than war-war. Isn’t it better to have one place where all… countries in the world can get together, bore each other sometimes with their words rather than bore holes into each other on the battlefield?” This combines the ideas of talking being better than war and providing a forum for discussion.
5. d) All of the above.
○ Explanation: The text states, “International organisations help with matters of war and peace. They also help countries cooperate to make better living conditions for us all,” and can “provide mechanisms, rules and a bureaucracy, to help members have more confidence that costs will be shared properly, that the benefits will be fairly divided, and that once a member joins an agreement it will honour the terms and conditions of the agreement.”
6. b) Disease eradication.
○ Explanation: The text uses disease as an example: “Some diseases can only be eradicated if everyone in the world cooperates in inoculating or vaccinating their populations.”
7. b) Financial institutions and regulations at the international level.
○ Explanation: The definition of IMF states it “oversees those financial institutions and regulations that act at the international level.”
8. b) G-7 members hold a significant percentage of the votes.
○ Explanation: The text details that “The IMF has 190 member countries (as on 19 Febuary 2024) but they do not enjoy an equal say. The G-7 members… have 41.29% of the votes.”
9. b) Help the world avoid war.
○ Explanation: The text says, “Many believed that such an organisation would help the world to avoid war.”
10. b) 1945.
○ Explanation: The chapter states, “The UN was founded as a successor to the League of Nations. It was established in 1945 immediately after the Second World War.”
11. b) Prevent international conflict and facilitate cooperation among states.
○ Explanation: The text states, “The UN’s objective is to prevent international conflict and to facilitate cooperation among states.”
12. c) 193.
○ Explanation: The document mentions, “By 2011, the UN had 193 member states.”
13. b) One vote.
○ Explanation: The text specifies, “In the UN General Assembly, all members have one vote each.”
14. b) USA, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China.
○ Explanation: These five countries are explicitly listed as the permanent members of the Security Council.
15. b) They were the most powerful immediately after the Second World War and constituted the victors.
○ Explanation: The text states, “These states were selected as permanent members as they were the most powerful immediately after the Second World War and because they constituted the victors in the War.”
16. c) António Guterres.
○ Explanation: The text identifies, “The present Secretary-General is António Guterres.”
17. b) Reform of the organisation’s structures and processes, and a review of issues within its jurisdiction.
○ Explanation: The text says, “Two basic kinds of reforms face the UN: reform of the organisation’s structures and processes; and a review of the issues that fall within the jurisdiction of the organisation.”
18. c) Security Council.
○ Explanation: The chapter notes, “On the reform of structures and processes, the biggest discussion has been on the functioning of the Security Council.”
19. d) All of the above.
○ Explanation: The suggested criteria include “A major economic power,” “A major military power,” “A substantial contributor to the UN budget,” “A big nation in terms of its population,” “A nation that respects democracy and human rights,” and “A country that would make the Council more representative of the world’s diversity.”
20. c) USA.
○ Explanation: The table of “Major contributors to the UN regular budget for 2019” lists “USA” as No. 1 with 22.0%.
21. b) Developing countries.
○ Explanation: The text states, “Its activities are focused on the developing countries.”
22. b) Permanency and the veto power.
○ Explanation: The text clarifies, “The main privileges of the five permanent members are permanency and the veto power.”
23. b) Stall the decision.
○ Explanation: The definition of veto power states, “any permanent member’s negative vote can stall the decision.”
24. c) An expanded Council will enjoy greater support in the world community.
○ Explanation: India “argues that an expanded Council, with more representation, will enjoy greater support in the world community.”
25. b) Its economic emergence and substantial role in UN peacekeeping efforts.
○ Explanation: The text mentions “Its role in the UN’s peacekeeping efforts is a long and substantial one” and “The country’s economic emergence on the world stage is another factor that perhaps justifies India’s claim to a permanent seat in the Security Council.”
26. b) The General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT).
○ Explanation: The text states, “This organisation was set up in 1995 as the successor to the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT).”
27. d) All of the above.
○ Explanation: The text explicitly lists all these reasons: “As the single largest contributor to the UN, the US has unmatched financial power. The fact that the UN is physically located within the US territory gives Washington additional sources of influence. The US also has many nationals in the UN bureaucracy. In addition, with its veto power the US can stop any moves that it finds annoying or damaging to its interests or the interests of its friends and allies.”
28. b) Promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and prevent its use for military purposes.
○ Explanation: The IAEA “seeks to promote the peaceful use of nuclear energy and to prevent its use for military purposes.”
29. b) The protection of human rights all over the world.
○ Explanation: Amnesty International is described as an “NGO that campaigns for the protection of human rights all over the world.”
