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India’s Rare Earth Potential: A Strategic Shift in Global Supply Chains
New Delhi : Introduction to India’s Rare Earth Reserves India holds a significant 8% of the world’s Rare Earth Element (REE) reserves, positioning it as the third-largest holder globally, behind China (49%) and Brazil (23%), according to a comprehensive CareEdge report released on July 8, 2025. Despite this substantial endowment, India contributes less than 1%…
Madras and Delhi High Courts Deliver Contrasting Rulings on Phone Tapping in India
New Delhi : Introduction to Phone Tapping Laws in India Phone tapping, a contentious issue balancing individual privacy and state security, has recently come under intense legal scrutiny in India. The Madras High Court and Delhi High Court have issued contrasting rulings on the permissibility of phone tapping, particularly in cases involving corruption. These decisions,…
Chapter 6: Environment and Natural Resources PYQs| CUET UG
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Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World PYQs | CUET UG
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Chapter 6: Environment and Natural Resources | CUET UG
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NITI Aayog’s North Eastern Region District SDG Index 2023-24: Hnahthial Tops, 85% Districts Show Progress
New Delhi : In a landmark achievement for sustainable development in India’s North Eastern Region (NER), NITI Aayog, in collaboration with the Ministry of Development of North Eastern Region (MoDoNER) and technical support from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), released the second edition of the North Eastern Region District Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index Report…
FAO Report: Youth in Agrifood Systems Can Drive $1.5 Trillion Global GDP Boost by 2050
New Delhi : The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has released a groundbreaking report titled The Status of Youth in Agrifood Systems, shedding light on the pivotal role of 1.3 billion young people aged 15–24 in transforming global agrifood systems. With nearly 85% of global youth residing in low- and lower-middle-income…
Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project Set to Revolutionize Northeast India by 2027
New Delhi : The Kaladan Multi-Modal Transit Transport Project (KMTTP), a landmark initiative between India and Myanmar, is poised to transform connectivity and trade in Northeast India by becoming fully operational by 2027, according to Union Minister for Ports, Shipping, and Waterways, Sarbananda Sonowal. Announced on July 7, 2025, in Guwahati, this ambitious project is…
Chapter 5: Security in the Contemporary World | CUET UG
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PM Modi’s 2025 Five-Nation Tour: Strengthening India’s Global Ties in Latin America, Caribbean, and Africa
New Delhi : Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s eight-day diplomatic tour from July 2 to 9, 2025, spanning Ghana, Trinidad and Tobago, Argentina, Brazil, and Namibia, underscores India’s commitment to deepening ties with the Global South. This strategic visit, which includes participation in the 17th BRICS Summit in Brazil, aims to enhance bilateral trade, defense cooperation,…
BRICS Summit 2025: Rio de Janeiro Declaration Signals Robust Global South Cooperation
BRICS Summit 2025 New Delhi : The 17th BRICS Summit, convened in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, on July 6-7, 2025, marked a significant milestone in fostering global cooperation among emerging economies. Hosted under the theme “Strengthening Global South Cooperation for a More Inclusive and Sustainable Governance,” the summit brought together leaders from Brazil, Russia, India,…
Seville Commitment 2025: Key Outcomes from the 4th International Conference on Financing for Development
New Delhi : The 4th International Conference on Financing for Development (FfD4), held from June 30 to July 3, 2025, at the FIBES Sevilla Exhibition and Conference Centre in Seville, Spain, marked a pivotal moment in global efforts to address the $4 trillion annual financing gap for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in developing countries.…
Chapter 4: International Organizations PYQs | CUET UG
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Chapter 4: International Organizations | CUET UG Notes
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Chhattisgarh Forest Department Withdraws Controversial Community Forest Resource Rights Directive After Tribal Protests
New Delhi : In a significant development for tribal communities and forest dwellers in Chhattisgarh, the state’s forest department has withdrawn a contentious directive issued on May 15, 2025, that restricted other government departments, non-governmental organizations (NGOs), and private entities from engaging in activities related to Community Forest Resource Rights (CFRR). The decision follows widespread…
Rise of Global South and Health Taxes Shape New World Order: India’s Pivotal Role
New Delhi : In a rapidly evolving global landscape, the rise of the Global South and strategic health tax initiatives are reshaping the world order, with India emerging as a key player. Prime Minister Narendra Modi, addressing Ghana’s Parliament on Thursday, July 3, 2025, emphasized that the post-World War II global framework is undergoing a seismic…
WHO Launches “3 by 35” Initiative to Raise Health Taxes on Tobacco, Alcohol, and Sugary Drinks by 50% by 2035
New Delhi : On July 2, 2025, the World Health Organization (WHO) unveiled its ambitious “3 by 35” Initiative at the UN Finance for Development conference in Seville, urging countries worldwide to increase prices of tobacco, alcohol, and sugary drinks by at least 50% through health taxes by 2035. This bold strategy aims to curb…
Challenges of Nation Building Sectional Mock Test | CUET UG
Challenges of Nation Building Mock Test
Union Jal Shakti Minister Launches C-FLOOD: A Revolutionary Unified Inundation Forecasting System for India’s Flood Management
New Delhi : On July 2, 2025, Union Jal Shakti Minister C.R. Patil inaugurated C-FLOOD, a groundbreaking Unified Inundation Forecasting System, at Shram Shakti Bhawan in New Delhi. This innovative web-based platform, designed to provide village-level flood alerts up to two days in advance, marks a transformative step in India’s flood management and disaster response…
Chapter 3: South Asia: Conflict and Cooperation PYQS| CUET UG
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Chapter 3: South Asia: Conflict and Cooperation | CUET UG
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Iran Enacts Law Suspending Cooperation with IAEA Amid Tensions with Israel and U.S
New Delhi : In a significant escalation of tensions, Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian has officially approved a law suspending cooperation with the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the United Nations’ nuclear watchdog. This move, enacted on Wednesday, July 2, 2025, follows a 12-day conflict with Israel and the United States, which saw unprecedented airstrikes on…
CHAPTER 2: Contemporary Centres of Power PYQs
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Chapter 1: The End of Bipolarity PYQs
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Union Cabinet Approves ₹1 Lakh Crore RDI Scheme to Boost Private Sector Innovation in India
New Delhi : In a landmark move to strengthen India’s research and innovation ecosystem, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the Research Development and Innovation (RDI) Scheme on July 1, 2025. With a massive corpus of ₹1 lakh crore, this flagship initiative is poised to revolutionize private sector-led research and development…
National Sports Policy 2025: A Game-Changer for India’s Sporting Future
New Delhi : On July 1, 2025, the Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, approved the National Sports Policy (NSP) 2025, officially termed Khelo Bharat Niti 2025, marking a historic milestone in India’s journey to become a global sporting powerhouse. This transformative policy replaces the outdated National Sports Policy of 2001, which had…
Union Cabinet Approves ₹99,446 Crore Employment Linked Incentive Scheme to Create 3.5 Crore Jobs by 2027
New Delhi : The Union Cabinet, chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, has approved the Employment Linked Incentive (ELI) Scheme, a transformative initiative aimed at generating over 3.5 crore jobs across India by July 2027. Announced as part of the Union Budget 2024-25, the scheme, with a financial outlay of ₹99,446 crore, seeks to boost employment,…
Digital India Mission Celebrates 10 Years: A Decade of Transformative Digital Empowerment
New Delhi : On July 1, 2025, the Digital India Mission, a flagship program of the Government of India, marked its 10th anniversary, celebrating a decade of remarkable progress in transforming India into a digitally empowered society and a knowledge economy. Launched in 2015 by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the initiative aimed to bridge the digital…
Global Debt Crisis 2025: UNCTAD Report Exposes Alarming Trends and Urgent Need for Reform
New Delhi : In a stark revelation, the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has released its A World of Debt Report 2025, highlighting the unprecedented surge in global public debt, which reached a staggering $102 trillion in 2024. This figure, up from $97 trillion in 2023, marks a 7.36% increase year-over-year and…
Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman Proposes Seven-Point Strategy for Sustainable Development at UN Conference
New Delhi : Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman emphasized the critical role of private capital in driving sustainable development during her keynote address at the 4th International Conference on Financing for Development (FFD4), organized by the United Nations in Seville, Spain. Leading an official Indian delegation on a three-nation visit to Spain, Portugal, and Brazil…
CHAPTER 2: Contemporary Centres of Power
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Chapter 1: The End of Bipolarity | CUET UG
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Delhi’s First-Ever Artificial Rain: A Bold Step to Combat Air Pollution with Cloud Seeding
New Delhi: In a groundbreaking move to address Delhi’s chronic air pollution crisis, the Delhi government, in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Kanpur, is set to conduct its first-ever artificial rain through cloud seeding. Scheduled between July 4 and 11, 2025, this innovative initiative, titled Technology Demonstration and Evaluation of Cloud Seeding…
ECI Initiates Delisting of 345 Registered Unrecognized Political Parties
New Delhi: In a significant move to streamline India’s political landscape, the Election Commission of India (ECI) has launched a nationwide initiative to delist 345 Registered Unrecognized Political Parties (RUPPs) that have failed to meet critical compliance requirements. Announced on June 26, 2025, this action targets parties that have not contested a single election since…
National Turmeric Board Headquarters Inaugurated in Nizamabad, Telangana
New Delhi: On June 29, 2025, Union Home Minister Amit Shah inaugurated the National Turmeric Board Headquarters in Nizamabad, Telangana, marking a historic moment for India’s turmeric farmers and the country’s spice industry. This significant development fulfills a long-standing demand of turmeric farmers in Nizamabad and aligns with the government’s ambitious vision to elevate India’s…
India’s External Debt Surges to $736.3 Billion in FY25
New Delhi: India’s external debt has seen a significant uptick, reaching $736.3 billion by the end of March 2025, according to the latest data released by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). This represents a 10% year-on-year increase, or $67.5 billion, from $668.8 billion in March 2024. The rise has pushed the external debt-to-GDP ratio to…
India Rejects Court of Arbitration’s Supplemental Award on Indus Waters Treaty
New Delhi: India has firmly rejected a “supplemental award” issued by the Court of Arbitration (CoA) based in The Hague, concerning the Kishenganga and Ratle hydroelectric projects in Jammu and Kashmir. The Indian Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) declared the award, along with all prior pronouncements by this arbitral body, as illegal and void, citing…
Democratic Upsurge and Coalition Politics & Recent Issues and Challenges PYQs
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Democratic Upsurge and Coalition Politics & Recent Issues and Challenges | CUET UG
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Regional Aspirations PYQs
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Regional Aspirations | Chapter 7 | CUET UG
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The Crisis of Democratic Order PYQs | CUET UG
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The Congress System: Challenges and Restoration PYQs | CUET UG
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The Crisis of Democratic Order: CUET UG | Chapter 6
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The Congress System: Challenges and Restoration | CUET UG | Chapter 5
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UGC NET Political Science Question Paper 2025: Download PDF, Pattern and Analysis
Complete Guide: Download Paper PDF, Paper Analysis & Preparation Tips The UGC NET Political Science examination conducted on June 26, 2025 (Shift 2: 3 PM–6 PM) is an important examination for candidates competing for the JRF or Assistant Professor roles. Since candidates look for help in downloading the question paper PDF, learning about the exam…
India Engages China on Rare Earth Magnet Supply Amid Export Restrictions
New Delhi: India has initiated diplomatic discussions with China to address concerns over the supply of rare earth magnets, critical components for industries like automotive, defense, and clean energy, as Beijing imposed stringent export restrictions in April 2025. This marks the first official acknowledgment by the Indian government of engaging China on this issue, highlighting…
India Celebrates 10 Years of AMRUT
New Delhi: On June 25, 2025, India marked a monumental milestone in its urban development journey, celebrating the 10th anniversary of the Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT). Launched in 2015 by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA), AMRUT has been a cornerstone of India’s efforts to enhance urban living standards,…
India Refuses to Sign SCO Joint Statement, Citing Omission of Pahalgam Terror Attack
New Delhi: In a bold move underscoring its unwavering stance against terrorism, India declined to endorse the joint statement at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) Defence Ministers’ meeting held in Qingdao, Shandong province, China, on June 26, 2025. The decision, led by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, was driven by the draft statement’s failure to address…
India Breaks into Top 100 in UN SDG Index 2025
New Delhi: In a historic milestone, India has secured a place among the top 100 countries in the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Index 2025, ranking 99th out of 193 nations with a score of 67.0, according to the 10th Edition of the Sustainable Development Report (SDR) released by the UN Sustainable Development Solutions Network…
NITI Aayog Report: India’s Data Imperative Calls for a Shift to Quality in Digital Governance
New Delhi: India’s journey to becoming a global leader in digital public infrastructure has been nothing short of remarkable. Platforms like Unified Payments Interface (UPI), Aadhaar, and Ayushman Bharat have transformed financial inclusion, identity verification, and healthcare access for millions. However, a new report by NITI Aayog, titled India’s Data Imperative: The Pivot Towards Quality, released…
Parliamentary Committees as Government Guides: Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla
New Delhi: In a significant address at the National Conference of Estimates Committees held in Mumbai on June 25, 2025, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla emphasized that Parliamentary Committees are not adversarial to the government but serve as vital instruments for guiding and advising the administration. The two-day event, marking 75 years of the Estimates Committee…
India’s Historic Axiom 4 Mission to ISS and New Space Collaborations
New Delhi: On June 25, 2025, India marked a significant milestone in its space exploration journey with the launch of the Axiom-4 mission, carrying Indian astronaut Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla to the International Space Station (ISS). This mission, a collaboration between the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Axiom…
FATF Report Exposes Global Financial System’s Vulnerabilities to Proliferation Financing and Sanctions Evasion
New Delhi : The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has released a groundbreaking report titled Complex Proliferation Financing and Sanctions Evasion Schemes on June 20, 2025, revealing critical weaknesses in the global financial system’s ability to counter proliferation financing (PF) and sanctions evasion. What is Proliferation Financing? Proliferation financing (PF) is defined as the act of…
RBI and Banks Unite to Launch Digital Payment Intelligence Platform (DPIP) to Combat Surging Digital Payment Frauds
New Delhi : In a landmark move to address the alarming surge in digital payment frauds, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), in collaboration with major public and private sector banks, is spearheading the development of the Digital Payment Intelligence Platform (DPIP). Envisioned as a Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI), this AI-powered, real-time intelligence-sharing platform aims…
UN Women Warns: The Rising Manosphere Poses a Serious Threat to Gender Equality
New Delhi : In a stark warning issued on June 22, 2025, UN Women, the United Nations agency dedicated to ending gender discrimination, has highlighted the growing influence of the “manosphere” as a significant threat to gender equality. This loosely connected network of online communities is promoting toxic masculinity, misogyny, and anti-feminist rhetoric, with far-reaching consequences…
US Strikes Iran Nuclear Sites: Operation Midnight Hammer Escalates Middle East Tensions
New Delhi : In a dramatic escalation of tensions in the Middle East, the United States launched a series of precision airstrikes, codenamed Operation Midnight Hammer, targeting three key Iranian nuclear facilities—Fordow, Natanz, and Isfahan—on Saturday, June 22, 2025. Announced by President Donald Trump, the strikes were aimed at curbing Iran’s nuclear ambitions amid the…
Political Financing Crisis in India: Rising Costs and Falling Transparency in 2024 Elections
New Delhi: India’s democracy, often celebrated as one of the most vibrant in the world, faces a growing crisis in political financing. The 2024 Lok Sabha Elections, with an unprecedented expenditure of ₹1.35 lakh crore, have been dubbed the most expensive electoral event globally. However, the escalating costs of elections, coupled with widespread non-compliance in…
China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh Convene Historic First Trilateral Meeting in Kunming to Boost Regional Cooperation
New Delhi: In a significant development for South Asian geopolitics, China, Pakistan, and Bangladesh held their inaugural trilateral meeting on June 19, 2025, in Kunming, the capital of China’s southern Yunnan province. This landmark foreign office-level consultation, hosted by China, marks the second trilateral dialogue initiated by Beijing in India’s neighborhood, following a similar meeting…
SIPRI Yearbook 2025: A New Nuclear Arms Race Looms as Global Security Falters
New Delhi: The Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI) released its 56th edition of the SIPRI Yearbook on June 16, 2025, delivering a sobering assessment of global armaments, disarmament, and international security. The report highlights the alarming emergence of a new nuclear arms race, driven by the modernization and expansion of nuclear arsenals among the nine…
Maharashtra Government Mandates Hindi as Third Language in Schools, Sparks Controversy
New Delhi: On June 17, 2025, the Maharashtra government issued a Government Resolution (GR) that has stirred significant debate across the state. The resolution mandates Hindi as the “general” third language for students in Classes 1 to 5 in Marathi and English medium schools, as part of the implementation of the State Curriculum Framework for…
Bihar Pioneers India’s First Mobile-Based E-Voting System for Urban Polls
New Delhi: In a groundbreaking move toward modernizing democracy, Bihar is set to become the first Indian state to implement a mobile-based e-voting system for its upcoming municipal and urban local body elections on June 28, 2025. This revolutionary initiative, spearheaded by the Bihar State Election Commission (SEC), marks a significant leap in electoral innovation,…
India-Canada Relations 2025: A New Chapter in Bilateral Ties
New Delhi: In a significant diplomatic breakthrough, India and Canada have agreed to restore their High Commissioners and resume trade talks, signaling a thaw in bilateral relations that hit rock bottom in 2024. This development follows a pivotal meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney on the sidelines of the…
India Celebrates 50 Years of Crocodile Conservation: A Global Benchmark in Wildlife Preservation
New Delhi: On June 17, 2025, India marked a historic milestone, celebrating 50 years of its Crocodile Conservation Project (CCP) on World Crocodile Day. Launched on April 1, 1975, this pioneering initiative has transformed the fate of India’s three native crocodilian species—the gharial (Gavialis gangeticus), the saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus), and the mugger crocodile (Crocodylus…
Global Drought Outlook 2025: OECD Report Highlights Escalating Risks and Urgent Solutions
New Delhi: The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has released its groundbreaking report, Global Drought Outlook: Trends, Impacts and Policies to Adapt to a Drier World, sounding the alarm on the intensifying global drought crisis. As climate change and human activities exacerbate water scarcity, 40% of the planet’s land area now faces more…
PM Modi’s Historic Cyprus Visit Strengthens India-Cyprus Ties: A Comprehensive Overview
New Delhi : On June 15, 2025, Prime Minister Narendra Modi embarked on a historic visit to Cyprus, marking the first trip by an Indian premier to the Mediterranean nation in 23 years. This landmark visit, part of a three-nation tour including Canada and Croatia, underscored the growing strategic and economic partnership between India and Cyprus.…
G7 Summit 2025: PM Modi Urges Global Action Against Terrorism, Highlights Global South Priorities
New Delhi: The 51st G7 Summit, held in the scenic Kananaskis region of Alberta, Canada, from June 15 to 17, 2025, brought together leaders from the world’s advanced economies to address pressing global challenges. Hosted by Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney, the summit saw participation from France, the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan,…
India’s Wind Energy Capacity Surges Over 10.5% to 51.5 GW in 2025: A Leap Toward a Sustainable Future
New Delhi: India’s renewable energy sector is experiencing a transformative phase, with wind energy playing a pivotal role in the nation’s clean energy ambitions. On the occasion of Global Wind Day 2025, celebrated on June 15, Union Minister for New and Renewable Energy, Pralhad Joshi, announced that India’s wind energy capacity has surged by more…
Supreme Court Rules Preventive Detention Cannot Substitute Bail Cancellation: A Landmark Judgment in Dhanya M v. State of Kerala
New Delhi: In a significant ruling on June 14, 2025, the Supreme Court of India, in the case of Dhanya M v. State of Kerala & Others, declared that preventive detention cannot be used as a substitute for criminal prosecution or to circumvent bail orders. This landmark judgment, delivered by a Vacation Bench headed by…
Iran-Israel Conflict Escalates: Day Five of Intense Military Clashes
New Delhi: The Iran-Israel conflict entered its fifth day on June 17, 2025, with relentless military exchanges intensifying and civilian casualties mounting. What began as Israel’s preemptive strikes under “Operation Rising Lion” has spiraled into Iran’s retaliatory “Operation True Promise 3,” targeting key military, nuclear, and civilian infrastructure. Historical Context of the Iran-Israel Conflict The…
Union Agriculture Ministry Allocates ₹6,000 Crore to Bolster Agri Stack Under Digital Agriculture Mission
New Delhi: The Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers Welfare (MoA&FW) unveiled a transformative ₹6,000 crore investment to fortify the Agri Stack initiative under the Digital Agriculture Mission (DAM) during the National Conference on Agri Stack: Turning Data into Delivery, held at Sushma Swaraj Bhawan, New Delhi. This landmark announcement underscores the government’s commitment to revolutionizing…
Massive Forest Fire Engulfs Reasi District Near NH-144A in Jammu & Kashmir: Full Coverage
New Delhi: A massive forest fire broke out in the Bhaga village area near NH-144A in Reasi district, Jammu & Kashmir, on Friday, June 14, 2025, spreading across hundreds of hectares of forest land. The blaze, which has been raging for several days, intensified rapidly due to dry weather conditions and strong winds, posing a…
India’s First Interpol Silver Notice Issued in French Embassy Visa Fraud Case
New Delhi: In a groundbreaking development, the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) has secured India’s first-ever Interpol Silver Notice to track the global assets of Shubham Shokeen, a former law officer in the visa department of the French Embassy in New Delhi. Shokeen is accused of orchestrating a large-scale Schengen visa fraud, defrauding hundreds of applicants,…
UNHCR 2024 Report: 123.2 Million People Displaced Globally Amid Rising Conflicts
New Delhi: The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) unveiled its Global Trends Report: Forced Displacement in 2024 on June 12, 2025, painting a stark picture of a world grappling with unprecedented levels of displacement. An estimated 123.2 million individuals, or roughly one in every 67 people worldwide, are currently displaced due to conflicts, persecution,…
IAEA Declares Iran in Breach of Nuclear Obligations After 20 Years
New Delhi: The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has formally declared Iran in breach of its nuclear non-proliferation obligations for the first time in nearly two decades, a significant escalation in the ongoing tensions surrounding Iran’s nuclear program. On June 12, 2025, 19 out of the 35-nation IAEA Board of Governors voted in favor of…
India Slips to 131st in Global Gender Gap Index 2025: A Comprehensive Analysis
New Delhi: In a significant development, India has fallen to the 131st position out of 148 countries in the World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap Report 2025, released on June 12, 2025, in New Delhi. This marks a decline of two places from its 129th rank in 2024, placing India among the lowest-ranked nations in South…
UNFPA State of World Population 2025: Addressing India’s Real Fertility Crisis
New Delhi: The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) released its 2025 State of World Population (SOWP) Report, titled “The Real Fertility Crisis: The Pursuit of Reproductive Agency in a Changing World,” on Tuesday, July 10, 2024, in New Delhi. This comprehensive report shifts the global narrative from panic over declining fertility rates to addressing the critical…
France and Brazil Launch Blue NDC Challenge to Center Oceans in Climate Action
New Delhi: In a groundbreaking move to address the global climate crisis, France and Brazil unveiled the Blue Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC) Challenge on June 10, 2025, during the opening of the third UN Ocean Conference (UNOC3) in Nice, France. This landmark international initiative urges countries worldwide to prioritize ocean-based solutions in their climate plans ahead…
Forging India’s Economic Future PYQs
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India’s External Relations PYQs
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India’s External Relations: Comprehensive Notes
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Indian Political Thought Sectional Mock Test
Indian Political Thought Sectional Mock Test
Technology in Indian Judiciary: Enhancing Transparency, Not Replacing Human Conscience
New Delhi: Chief Justice of India (CJI) B R Gavai has underscored the pivotal role of technology in transforming the Indian legal system while emphasizing that it must complement, not replace, the human conscience in judicial decision-making. Speaking at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, on June 7, 2025, during…
Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan Completes Nine Years: A Milestone in Maternal Healthcare
New Delhi: The Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA), launched in June 2016 by the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, has marked a transformative milestone in maternal and neonatal healthcare. As the program celebrates its ninth anniversary in 2025, it stands as a cornerstone of Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision for…
India Faces Escalating Heat Crisis: 76% of Population at High to Very High Risk, CEEW Study Warns
New Delhi: As India battles the intensifying effects of climate change, a groundbreaking study by the Council on Energy, Environment and Water (CEEW) reveals that 76% of the country’s population—residing in 57% of its 734 districts—faces high to very high risk from extreme heat. Published on May 20, 2025, the study, titled How Extreme Heat…
India’s FDI Surges 14% to $81 Billion in FY25: A Comprehensive Overview
New Delhi: India’s economic landscape continues to shine as a beacon for global investors, with gross Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows soaring to an impressive $81.04 billion in the fiscal year 2024-25, marking a robust 14% increase from the previous year. According to provisional government data, this surge underscores India’s growing appeal as a prime…
Fourth India-Central Asia Dialogue 2025: Strengthening Ties Through Trade, Security, and Connectivity
New Delhi: The Fourth India-Central Asia Dialogue, held in New Delhi, concluded on June 6, 2025, marking a significant milestone in India’s strategic engagement with the five Central Asian Republics (CARs): Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. Hosted by External Affairs Minister (EAM) S. Jaishankar, the dialogue brought together foreign ministers from these nations to…
India-Kyrgyzstan Bilateral Investment Treaty Comes Into Force: A New Era for Economic Cooperation
New Delhi: In a landmark development for India-Kyrgyzstan economic relations, the Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) signed on June 14, 2019, in Bishkek, officially came into effect on June 5, 2025. The treaty, which replaces the earlier agreement enforced on May 12, 2000, marks a significant milestone in fostering a secure, transparent, and resilient investment environment…
India Showcases World’s Largest Disaster Risk Reduction Financing System at GPDRR 2025 in Geneva
New Delhi: At the 8th Global Platform for Disaster Risk Reduction (GPDRR) 2025 held in Geneva, India took center stage by showcasing its unparalleled Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) financing system, recognized as the world’s largest nationally anchored framework for disaster resilience. Led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s Principal Secretary, Mr. P.K. Mishra, India’s delegation emphasized…
India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership: Celebrating 5 Years of Collaboration
New Delhi: The India-Australia Comprehensive Strategic Partnership (CSP), which reached its fifth anniversary on June 4, 2025, has solidified its position as a cornerstone of bilateral relations between the two nations. This milestone was marked by high-level engagements, including a meeting between Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Australia’s Deputy Prime Minister and Minister for…
Arunachal Pradesh Clash: Security Forces Battle Militants Near India-Myanmar Border
New Delhi: A fierce encounter between Indian security forces and suspected militants in Arunachal Pradesh’s Longding district on June 6, 2025, has brought renewed attention to the volatile India-Myanmar border. The gunfight, which occurred in the Pongchau Circle, resulted in the deaths of two cadres from the National Socialist Council of Nagaland-Khaplang (NSCN-K), Yung Aung…
India Pushes for Comprehensive WTO Reforms at Paris Ministerial Meeting
New Delhi: In a significant move to reshape global trade governance, India has called for sweeping reforms to the World Trade Organization (WTO) during a high-level mini-ministerial meeting of 25 member countries held in Paris on June 4, 2025. Convened by Australia on the margins of the OECD Ministerial Council Meeting, the gathering saw India’s Commerce…
Chapter 3 : Forging India’s Economic Future: The Politics of Planned Development in Early Independence | CUET UG
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