CUET PG Political Science Important Questions on International Relations
1. Which International Relations scholar argued that ‘Anarchy is what states make of it’?
a) Alexander Wendt
b) Kenneth Waltz
c) John Mearsheimer
d) Robert Keohane
Correct Answer: a) Alexander Wendt
2. True or False: Hans Morgenthau’s theory of political realism asserts that international politics is a struggle for power driven by ideological competition.
a) True
b) False
Correct Answer: b) False (Morgenthau emphasized that political actions are primarily driven by the national interest defined in terms of power, not ideology.)
3. Who developed the theory of ‘neoliberalism’ in International Relations, which argues that institutions can mitigate the anarchic nature of the international system?
a) John Ruggie
b) Joseph Nye
c) Robert Keohane
d) Both b and c
Correct Answer: d) Both b and c
4. What does Immanuel Wallerstein’s World-Systems Theory primarily focus on?
a) The role of international organizations in global governance
b) The economic and political dominance of the core over the periphery
c) The impact of globalization on state sovereignty
d) The interaction between democratic and authoritarian states
Correct Answer: b) The economic and political dominance of the core over the periphery
5. Cynthia Enloe’s research in International Relations primarily advocates for which of the following?
a) A return to classical realism
b) Greater focus on economic factors in IR
c) The inclusion of gender as a central analysis factor in IR
d) The abandonment of liberal theories of IR
Correct Answer: c) The inclusion of gender as a central analysis factor in IR
6. Which scholar is associated with the concept of ‘strategic realism’, a branch of realism focused on the strategic, goal-oriented behavior of states?
a) Edward Hallett Carr
b) John Mearsheimer
c) Thomas Schelling
d) Henry Kissinger
Correct Answer: c) Thomas Schelling
7. Robert Cox’s approach to International Relations is best described as:
a) Neoliberal
b) Neorealist
c) Marxist
d) Constructivist
Correct Answer: c) Marxist
8. In the field of International Relations, John Burton is known for pioneering which approach?
a) World systems theory
b) Conflict resolution
c) Democratic peace theory
d) Balance of power
Correct Answer: b) Conflict resolution
9. “The Tragic Vision of Politics” is a significant contribution to International Relations by which scholar, focusing on the ethical dimension of realism?
a) Richard Ned Lebow
b) John Herz
c) Hans Morgenthau
d) Raymond Aron
Correct Answer: a) Richard Ned Lebow
10. Which International Relations theorist argued that global politics is entering a post-Westphalian order, characterized by diminished state sovereignty and increased roles for various non-state actors?
a) John Ruggie
b) Robert Keohane
c) Stephen Krasner
d) Joseph Nye
Correct Answer: a) John Ruggie
11. “Beyond the Anarchical Society” by Edward Keene critically examines the concept of international society, originally put forth by which theorist?
a) Hedley Bull
b) Martin Wight
c) John Vincent
d) Terry Nardin
Correct Answer: a) Hedley Bull
12. Who among the following scholars is known for their work on the role of domestic political institutions in shaping foreign policy outcomes, particularly within the liberalism school of International Relations?
a) Michael Doyle
b) David Held
c) Andrew Moravcsik
d) Richard Rosecrance
Correct Answer: c) Andrew Moravcsik
13. What central theme does “The Clash of Civilizations” explore in terms of global conflict?
a) Economic disparity between nations
b) Cultural and religious differences as sources of conflict
c) The impact of nuclear proliferation on international security
d) The rise of non-state terrorist actors
Correct Answer: b) Cultural and religious differences as sources of conflict
14. Which scholar from the Historical Sociology/Theories of the State perspective argued that ‘states make war and war makes states’?
a) Charles Tilly
b) Michael Mann
c) Immanuel Wallerstein
d) Anthony Giddens
Correct Answer: a) Charles Tilly
15. In “Man, the State, and War,” Kenneth Waltz discusses the causes of war found at different ‘levels of analysis.’ Which of the following is NOT one of these levels?
a) The individual level
b) The societal level
c) The interstate level
d) The global level
Correct Answer: d) The global level
16. “Gender in International Relations” by J. Ann Tickner focuses on critiquing traditional IR theories from which perspective?
a) Post-structuralist
b) Feminist
c) Realist
d) Liberal
Correct Answer: b) Feminist
17. Which concept is central to Andrew Linklater’s work within the school of Critical International Relations?
a) The transformation of political community
b) Balance of power
c) Anarchy
d) The end of the state
Correct Answer: a) The transformation of political community
18. “Structural Conflict: The Third World Against Global Liberalism” by Robert Cox, uses which theoretical framework?
a) Neorealism
b) Liberal institutionalism
c) Neo-Gramscian
d) Constructivism
Correct Answer: c) Neo-Gramscian
19. Hedley Bull’s concept of ‘international society’ explores how states interact based on a set of shared norms and rules. Which book best encapsulates this idea?
a) “The Anarchical Society”
b) “The Structure of International Society”
c) “World Order”
d) “Governance Without Government”
Correct Answer: a) “The Anarchical Society”
20. Susan Strange is known for her work in which area of International Relations?
a) International political economy
b) Comparative politics
c) Security studies
d) Human rights
Correct Answer: a) International political economy
21. Which theorist is known for their critique of realism and the development of the concept of ‘complex interdependence’?
a) Robert Keohane
b) Joseph Nye
c) Both a and b
d) Hans Morgenthau
Correct Answer: c) Both a and b
22. Who among the following is associated with the concept of ‘postmodernism’ in International Relations, challenging the objective criteria of traditional IR theories?
a) Robert Cox
b) Robert W. Walker
c) Richard Ashley
d) Both b and c
Correct Answer: d) Both b and c
23. Cynthia Enloe’s work in International Relations focuses predominantly on which of the following aspects?
a) Economic inequalities
b) Gender perspectives
c) Military strategies
d) Technological impacts
Correct Answer: b) Gender perspectives
24. Which theorist’s work has significantly influenced the Radical/Critical Theory school in International Relations, particularly with their critique of capitalist world systems?
a) Robert Cox
b) Immanuel Wallerstein
c) Andrew Linklater
d) Johan Galtung
Correct Answer: b) Immanuel Wallerstein
25. “Theory of International Politics” by Kenneth Waltz is a foundational text for which International Relations theory?
a) Realism
b) Neorealism
c) Liberalism
d) Constructivism
Correct Answer: b) Neorealism
26. Who among the following scholars developed the concept of ‘Epistemic Communities’?
a) Karl W. Deutsch
b) Ernst Haas
c) Peter Haas
d) John Ruggie
Correct Answer: c) Peter Haas
27. “Politics Among Nations” by Hans Morgenthau introduces which foundational theory of International Relations?
a) Liberalism
b) Constructivism
c) Realism
d) The English School
Correct Answer: c) Realism
28. Which scholar is most associated with the development of Constructivism in International Relations?
a) Alexander Wendt
b) Robert Keohane
c) John Ruggie
d) Michael Doyle
Correct Answer: a) Alexander Wendt
29. “After Hegemony” by Robert Keohane explores which concept central to understanding international cooperation?
a) Balance of power
b) Collective security
c) Neoliberal institutionalism
d) Economic interdependence
Correct Answer: c) Neoliberal institutionalism
30. “Perpetual Peace” proposed by which thinker, is an early work that significantly contributed to liberal thought in International Relations?
a) Immanuel Kant
b) Woodrow Wilson
c) John Locke
d) Alfred Zimmern
Correct Answer: a) Immanuel Kant
31. The ‘Clash of Civilizations’ thesis, a theory predicting that cultural and religious identities will be the main source of conflict in the post-Cold War world, was proposed by:
a) Francis Fukuyama
b) Samuel P. Huntington
c) Edward Said
d) Bernard Lewis
Correct Answer: b) Samuel P. Huntington
32. Which International Relations theorist emphasized the ‘security dilemma’, where the actions taken by a state to increase its own security cause reactions from other states, potentially leading to a decrease in the state’s security?
a) John Herz
b) John Mearsheimer
c) Stephen Walt
d) Kenneth Waltz
Correct Answer: a) John Herz
33. ‘The Tragedy of Great Power Politics’ is a key text by which scholar, which discusses how the anarchic nature of the international system forces states to pursue power at the expense of others?
a) Kenneth Waltz
b) John Mearsheimer
c) Hans Morgenthau
d) Stephen Walt
Correct Answer: b) John Mearsheimer
34. Who argued that the spread of liberal democracy around the world would eventually lead to the ‘end of history’, signifying the end point of humanity’s sociocultural evolution?
a) Francis Fukuyama
b) Samuel Huntington
c) George Kennan
d) John Ikenberry
Correct Answer: a) Francis Fukuyama
35. ‘Man, the State, and War’ by Kenneth Waltz is an essential text for understanding which level of analysis in International Relations?
a) The individual level
b) The state level
c) The international system level
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: d) All of the above
36. Which theory posits that the international system is structured by the distribution of capabilities among states?
a) Liberalism
b) Realism
c) Constructivism
d) Neorealism
Correct Answer: d) Neorealism
37. True or False: According to Robert Cox, theory is always for someone and for some purpose, distinguishing between problem-solving theory and critical theory.
a) True
b) False
Correct Answer: a) True
38. Hedley Bull’s “The Anarchical Society” is often cited for its introduction of which concept into the discourse of International Relations?
a) The balance of power
b) The international society
c) The end of history
d) The clash of civilizations
Correct Answer: b) The international society
39. Who is known for theorizing that the spread of nuclear weapons can actually lead to international peace?
a) Kenneth Waltz
b) John Mearsheimer
c) Stephen Walt
d) Robert Jervis
Correct Answer: a) Kenneth Waltz
40. The concept of “complex interdependence” was introduced to challenge which traditional view of international relations?
a) The anarchic structure of the international system
b) The dominant role of military power in state behavior
c) The infrequency of war in the modern global order
d) The importance of economic ties between states
Correct Answer: b) The dominant role of military power in state behavior
41. Which International Relations scholar argued that global capitalism is characterized by a core-periphery structure?
a) Immanuel Wallerstein
b) Robert Keohane
c) Susan Strange
d) Joseph Nye
Correct Answer: a) Immanuel Wallerstein
42. In the context of feminist theories in International Relations, J. Ann Tickner is best known for her critique of:
a) Realism as a masculinized theory that marginalizes women’s experiences and contributions
b) Liberalism’s inability to address global inequality
c) The lack of diplomatic representation of women in international organizations
d) Postmodernism’s approach to gender issues
Correct Answer: a) Realism as a masculinized theory that marginalizes women’s experiences and contributions
43. Vladimir I. Lenin’s theory of imperialism argues that:
a) Industrialized nations exploit developing ones to delay their own economic crises
b) Military strength is the primary means by which empires maintain control over colonies
c) Cultural hegemony is more effective than direct political control
d) Democracies are less likely to engage in imperialist expansion than autocracies
Correct Answer: a) Industrialized nations exploit developing ones to delay their own economic crises
44. Which of the following best describes Richard Ashley’s contribution to International Relations?
a) He developed the concept of neoliberal institutionalism
b) He was a key figure in the development of critical theory within IR
c) He formulated the democratic peace theory
d) He argued for the superiority of bipolar over multipolar systems
Correct Answer: b) He was a key figure in the development of critical theory within IR
45. Michael Walzer’s “Just and Unjust Wars” argues that:
a) There are moral laws in warfare that states are bound to observe regardless of their power
b) War is always unjust and cannot be morally justified
c) Economic sanctions are a more effective and ethical tool than warfare
d) Non-state actors cannot be held to the same moral standards as states in war
Correct Answer: a) There are moral laws in warfare that states are bound to observe regardless of their power
46. “The Twenty Years’ Crisis” by Edward Hallett Carr offers a critique of:
a) The League of Nations’ inability to prevent World War II
b) Utopian ideals in international politics
c) Realist perspectives on international relations
d) The economic foundations of international conflict
Correct Answer: b) Utopian ideals in international politics
47. Which theorist is known for their work on the concept of the ‘security community’ where states engage in reliable expectations of peaceful change?
a) Karl Deutsch
b) Ernst Haas
c) John Ruggie
d) Michael Mann
Correct Answer: a) Karl Deutsch
48. Susan Strange’s concept of ‘structural power’ in international political economy refers to the power of a state to:
a) Shape global financial systems to its advantage
b) Dictate international norms and standards
c) Influence the economic and political structure of other states
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: d) All of the above
49. Who among the following International Relations theorists argued that the global system is characterized by a hierarchy of states rather than anarchy?
a) Immanuel Wallerstein
b) Kenneth Waltz
c) Alexander Wendt
d) Hedley Bull
Correct Answer: c) Alexander Wendt
50. The theory of ‘Democratic Peace,’ which suggests that democratic states are less likely to go to war with each other, was popularized by:
a) Michael Doyle
b) John Locke
c) Immanuel Kant
d) Woodrow Wilson
Correct Answer: a) Michael Doyle
51. What is the main argument of Andrew Linklater’s ‘The Transformation of Political Community’?
a) International relations should move beyond the state-centric model to include voices of the global civil society
b) Economic interdependence is the key to sustainable global peace
c) Culture is the predominant factor in international conflict and cooperation
d) Technology will fundamentally change the nature of state sovereignty
Correct Answer: a) International relations should move beyond the state-centric model to include voices of the global civil society
52. ‘The Structure of International Security’ by Robert Jervis discusses how under certain conditions, states can:
a) Achieve security without large-scale armaments
b) Form alliances to balance against the hegemonic power
c) Engage in nuclear proliferation to ensure mutual destruction
d) Opt out of international treaties and agreements for national benefit
Correct Answer: a) Achieve security without large-scale armaments
53. The concept of ‘normative power’, often discussed in the context of the European Union, was extensively theorized by which of the following scholars?
a) Ian Manners
b) Jürgen Habermas
c) Thomas Risse
d) Robert O. Keohane
Correct Answer: a) Ian Manners
54. ‘Spheres of Influence in International Relations’ by Hedley Bull examines:
a) The competition between great powers to establish exclusive control over smaller states
b) The role of international law in resolving territorial disputes
c) The impact of economic sanctions on state behavior
d) The evolution of international society from a legal standpoint
Correct Answer: a) The competition between great powers to establish exclusive control over smaller states
55. Which of the following scholars is best known for their work on the ‘English School’ of International Relations, which emphasizes the role of international society?
a) Hedley Bull
b) Martin Wight
c) John Vincent
d) Terry Nardin
Correct Answer: b) Martin Wight
56. What is the main focus of the ‘Feminist Theory’ in International Relations?
a) The impact of gender on international politics and the analysis of power from a female perspective
b) The role of economic policies in developing countries
c) The military strategies employed by nations during conflicts
d) The use of diplomacy to resolve international crises
Correct Answer: a) The impact of gender on international politics and the analysis of power from a female perspective
57. ‘Power Transition Theory’ suggests what about global conflicts?
a) They occur most frequently during periods when global power hierarchies remain stable
b) They are less likely when a clear global hegemon exists
c) They are most likely when a rising power is set to surpass a dominant power
d) They are inevitable and cyclic in nature, with no clear pattern
Correct Answer: c) They are most likely when a rising power is set to surpass a dominant power
58. The concept of ‘Global Governance’ encompasses which of the following ideas?
a) A world government with legislative powers over all nations
b) Cooperative problem-solving arrangements that transcend national borders
c) The dominance of powerful countries in international institutions
d) The unilateral actions of the United States in international politics
Correct Answer: b) Cooperative problem-solving arrangements that transcend national borders
59. ‘Neoclassical Realism’ is a theory that combines elements of classical realism with:
a) Economic theories
b) Domestic political factors
c) Psychological analysis of leaders
d) Technological advancements
Correct Answer: b) Domestic political factors
60. What role does ‘International Law’ play in global politics according to Constructivists?
a) It is largely irrelevant as states will always act in their self-interest
b) It shapes state behavior by constructing norms that states feel compelled to follow
c) It is used by powerful states to impose their will on weaker states
d) It serves only as a diplomatic formality without real impact
Correct Answer: b) It shapes state behavior by constructing norms that states feel compelled to follow
61. Which International Relations theorist is best known for the concept of ‘World Society’, expanding on the ideas of international systems and societies?
a) Barry Buzan
b) Hedley Bull
c) Martin Wight
d) John Burton
Correct Answer: b) Hedley Bull
62. True or False: According to Charles Tilly, war played a critical role in the formation of the modern state by necessitating taxation and military organization.
a) True
b) False
Correct Answer: a) True
63. Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye’s theory of ‘Transnational Relations and World Politics’ argues which of the following?
a) Military power is the most significant type of power in international relations.
b) Economic interdependencies can reduce the likelihood of conflict between states.
c) Cultural and ideological differences are the primary causes of war.
d) International organizations have little impact on state behavior.
Correct Answer: b) Economic interdependencies can reduce the likelihood of conflict between states.
64. Which of the following is a key proposition of Andrew Linklater’s ‘The Transformation of Political Community’?
a) States are the only legitimate actors in international politics.
b) Ethical norms and social values can transcend national boundaries to shape global politics.
c) Economic factors are secondary to ideological conflicts in international relations.
d) Military alliances are the most stable form of international cooperation.
Correct Answer: b) Ethical norms and social values can transcend national boundaries to shape global politics.
65. Which scholar is most closely associated with the study of the impact of international norms on state behavior, particularly in the context of human rights?
a) Martha Finnemore
b) Kathryn Sikkink
c) Thomas Risse
d) Michael Ignatieff
Correct Answer: c) Thomas Risse
66. ‘The Culture of National Security’ edited by Peter J. Katzenstein argues that:
a) National security policies are solely determined by rational calculations.
b) Norms and identity play a significant role in shaping national security policy.
c) Economic factors are more influential than political factors in national security.
d) Military strategy should prioritize technological advancements over traditional combat tactics.
Correct Answer: b) Norms and identity play a significant role in shaping national security policy.
67. In what way did Stanley Hoffmann critique the field of International Relations?
a) He argued that IR theorists overly focus on European history and ignore other regions.
b) He believed that IR theories failed to predict the end of the Cold War.
c) He criticized the heavy emphasis on scientific methods and called for a return to more philosophical inquiry.
d) He found that IR had become too aligned with political power and not critical enough of state actions.
Correct Answer: c) He criticized the heavy emphasis on scientific methods and called for a return to more philosophical inquiry.
68. Which of the following best describes the ‘English School’ of International Relations, as articulated by Hedley Bull and others?
a) It emphasizes the anarchical nature of the international system and the consequent need for power balancing.
b) It focuses on how international society is formed through shared norms and values among states.
c) It argues for the primacy of economic structures in determining international outcomes.
d) It advocates for the transformation of international politics to a world government.
Correct Answer: b) It focuses on how international society is formed through shared norms and values among states.
69. What central theme does Richard K. Ashley’s work explore within the field of International Relations?
a) The impact of international trade on inter-state relations
b) The critique of foundationalist assumptions of traditional IR theories
c) The role of international law in mitigating conflicts
d) The strategies for nuclear deterrence
Correct Answer: b) The critique of foundationalist assumptions of traditional IR theories
70. Who among the following scholars developed the concept of ‘soft power’?
a) Joseph Nye
b) Robert Keohane
c) Francis Fukuyama
d) Samuel Huntington
Correct Answer: a) Joseph Nye
71. Jean Bethke Elshtain’s work in International Relations primarily focuses on which of the following aspects?
a) Economic theories of IR
b) Ethical and moral dimensions of international politics
c) Cybersecurity and digital governance
d) Theories of international law and its enforcement
Correct Answer: b) Ethical and moral dimensions of international politics
72. Which scholar is noted for applying game theory to the study of international relations, particularly in the context of strategy and conflict?
a) Thomas Schelling
b) John Nash
c) Robert Axelrod
d) Kenneth Arrow
Correct Answer: a) Thomas Schelling
73. ‘The Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) doctrine, which argues for state responsibility in preventing mass atrocity crimes, has been significantly influenced by which International Relations theorist?
a) Martha Finnemore
b) Michael Walzer
c) Gareth Evans
d) Alexander Wendt
Correct Answer: c) Gareth Evans
74. Susan Strange’s concept of ‘structural power’ in international political economy illustrates the power to shape:
a) Fundamental rules of the global political economy
b) Military alliances across the globe
c) Cultural exchanges between countries
d) Technological advancements in international security
Correct Answer: a) Fundamental rules of the global political economy
75. ‘The National Interest in International Relations Theory’ by Scott Burchill argues that national interest:
a) Is defined solely in terms of economic gain
b) Is a static concept across different states
c) Is often constructed by political leaders to support their policy objectives
d) Should not be considered in moral evaluations of foreign policy
Correct Answer: c) Is often constructed by political leaders to support their policy objectives
76. ‘The Clash of Civilizations’ by Samuel P. Huntington is often critiqued for its:
a) Emphasis on economic factors over cultural ones
b) Oversimplification of complex international cultures into a binary conflict
c) Ignoring the role of international organizations in mitigating conflicts
d) Lack of empirical evidence supporting its claims
Correct Answer: b) Oversimplification of complex international cultures into a binary conflict
77. Andrew Linklater’s concept of ‘harm conventions’ in international society involves:
a) Economic sanctions as a tool of international governance
b) Legal frameworks to reduce the infliction of suffering in global politics
c) Diplomatic protocols for conflict resolution
d) Mechanisms for environmental protection at the international level
Correct Answer: b) Legal frameworks to reduce the infliction of suffering in global politics
78. Which International Relations scholar is known for critiquing the Eurocentric perspective of traditional IR theories and advocating for a more global view that incorporates perspectives from the Global South?
a) Edward Said
b) Amartya Sen
c) Achille Mbembe
d) Vijay Prashad
Correct Answer: c) Achille Mbembe
79. The theory of ‘International Regimes’, which focuses on the rules, norms, and procedures that govern international interactions in specific areas, is most closely associated with:
a) Stephen Krasner
b) Joseph Nye
c) Robert Keohane
d) Alexander Wendt
Correct Answer: a) Stephen Krasner
80. Which International Relations scholar’s work primarily addresses the ‘Power Transition Theory’ which suggests that conflicts are likely when a rising power is about to surpass the most powerful state?
a) A.F.K. Organski
b) John Mearsheimer
c) Kenneth Waltz
d) Graham Allison
Correct Answer: a) A.F.K. Organski
81. “The Tragedy of Great Power Politics” presents which theory that suggests great powers are inherently aggressive and that their aggressive behavior is inevitable?
a) Defensive realism
b) Offensive realism
c) Liberal realism
d) Structural realism
Correct Answer: b) Offensive realism
82. Which scholar argued that the end of the Cold War was not the “end of history” as previously claimed, but rather a continuation of historical conflict through new modes?
a) Samuel Huntington
b) Francis Fukuyama
c) John Lewis Gaddis
d) Charles Krauthammer
Correct Answer: a) Samuel Huntington
83. In the realm of International Relations, the concept of ‘strategic culture’ was most significantly developed by which theorist to explain how different nations develop distinct approaches to national security?
a) Colin Gray
b) Ken Booth
c) Barry Buzan
d) Joseph Nye
Correct Answer: a) Colin Gray
84. Who is known for advancing the idea that anarchy in the international system is not inherent, but is a construct of the interactions of sovereign states?
a) Kenneth Waltz
b) Alexander Wendt
c) Robert Keohane
d) John Mearsheimer
Correct Answer: b) Alexander Wendt
85. The theory that democratic states do not go to war with each other, known as the ‘Democratic Peace Theory,’ is closely associated with the works of:
a) Michael Doyle
b) Immanuel Kant
c) Bruce Russett
d) Both a and c
Correct Answer: d) Both a and c
86. Which International Relations scholar introduced the term ‘soft power’, arguing that states can influence others through cultural and ideological means rather than through coercion or payments?
a) Joseph Nye
b) Robert Keohane
c) Francis Fukuyama
d) Samuel Huntington
Correct Answer: a) Joseph Nye
87. Which concept by Karl Deutsch focuses on the security communities where states integrate to the point that they do not expect or prepare for conflict with one another?
a) Cybernetic systems theory
b) Communication theory of integration
c) Security community
d) Constructivist alliance
Correct Answer: c) Security community
88. “After Victory” by G. John Ikenberry argues that post-war order is shaped by:
a) The unilateral actions of the victorious power
b) The formation of new alliances
c) The institutional frameworks established by major powers
d) Economic conditions prevailing after the conflict
Correct Answer: c) The institutional frameworks established by major powers
89. Who among the following is a key figure in the development of feminist approaches to International Relations?
a) Cynthia Enloe
b) Ann Tickner
c) Both a and b
d) Martha Finnemore
Correct Answer: c) Both a and b
90. The notion that the international system is characterized not by anarchy but by the hierarchy of states is advocated by which theorist?
a) Alexander Wendt
b) Kenneth Waltz
c) Robert Cox
d) David Lake
Correct Answer: d) David Lake
91. Which scholar is known for arguing that the proliferation of nuclear weapons can increase global stability?
a) Kenneth Waltz
b) Scott Sagan
c) John Mearsheimer
d) Robert Jervis
Correct Answer: a) Kenneth Waltz
92. The ‘English School’ of International Relations, which treats international relations as a society of states governed by laws and institutions, was primarily developed by:
a) Hedley Bull
b) Barry Buzan
c) Martin Wight
d) Both a and c
Correct Answer: d) Both a and c
93. Who coined the term ‘complex interdependence’ to describe the multiple channels of interaction in global politics that make it impossible for any one state to have absolute power?
a) Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye
b) John Mearsheimer and Stephen Walt
c) Alexander Wendt and Michael Barnett
d) Hans Morgenthau and Kenneth Thompson
Correct Answer: a) Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye
94. Which International Relations theorist emphasized the role of discourse in the construction of international relations, particularly through the use of language and the dissemination of power?
a) Michel Foucault
b) Robert Cox
c) Jürgen Habermas
d) Friedrich Kratochwil
Correct Answer: a) Michel Foucault
95. In her work on international relations, Cynthia Enloe focuses on:
a) The critical role that women play in global politics, often overlooked by traditional theories.
b) The economic disparities between the developed and developing worlds.
c) The impact of technological advancements on international security.
d) The strategies employed by small states to survive in a world dominated by great powers.
Correct Answer: a) The critical role that women play in global politics, often overlooked by traditional theories.
96. ‘The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order’ by Samuel Huntington argues that:
a) Future conflicts will be primarily between countries within the same civilization.
b) Economic factors will be the main cause of future wars.
c) Future conflicts will primarily be between different civilizations.
d) Ideological differences will no longer lead to conflicts.
Correct Answer: c) Future conflicts will primarily be between different civilizations.
97. Which concept, discussed by John Ruggie, involves the absence of overarching authority in the international system, leading to self-help behavior among states?
a) Multilateralism
b) Anarchy
c) Sovereignty
d) Normative structure
Correct Answer: b) Anarchy
98. Who among the following scholars argued for the ‘end of history’, suggesting that liberal democracy represents the final form of government for all nations?
a) Francis Fukuyama
b) Samuel Huntington
c) John Mearsheimer
d) Robert Keohane
Correct Answer: a) Francis Fukuyama
99. What does the term ‘securitization’, as used in International Relations, refer to?
a) The process by which state actors transform subjects into matters of ‘security’ to enable extraordinary measures to be used in dealing with them.
b) The financial process by which individual financial assets are combined and sold on the capital market.
c) The strengthening of borders and military capabilities in response to perceived threats.
d) The development of alliances to ensure collective security among nations.
Correct Answer: a) The process by which state actors transform subjects into matters of ‘security’ to enable extraordinary measures to be used in dealing with them.
100. The concept of ‘World Society’ as developed by Barry Buzan incorporates which of the following aspects?
a) A focus solely on state interactions and the balance of power.
b) The inclusion of non-state actors, global politics, and the broader social and economic interactions that transcend national boundaries.
c) An emphasis on economic relationships as the primary factor in international relations.
d) A return to classical geopolitical analysis based on territorial interests.
Correct Answer: b) The inclusion of non-state actors, global politics, and the broader social and economic interactions that transcend national boundaries.
CUET PG POLITICAL SCIENCE NOTES
101. Which scholar is known for the theory of ‘complex interdependence’ which challenges the traditional realist view that states are the only important actors in international relations?
a) Robert Keohane
b) Joseph Nye
c) Both a and b
d) Alexander Wendt
Correct Answer: c) Both a and b
102. True or False: Hans Morgenthau’s principles of political realism emphasize that morality should be the primary consideration in making foreign policy decisions.
a) True
b) False
Correct Answer: b) False (Morgenthau emphasized the importance of national interest over moral considerations.)
103. What is the core argument of John Mearsheimer’s “The Tragedy of Great Power Politics”?
a) The international system compels countries to adopt liberal democracies.
b) Great powers are inherently aggressive due to the anarchic structure of the international system.
c) Economic interdependence can lead to peace among great powers.
d) Cultural and civilizational conflicts will dominate global politics.
Correct Answer: b) Great powers are inherently aggressive due to the anarchic structure of the international system.
104. Hedley Bull’s concept of the ‘international society’ suggests which of the following?
a) States exist in an anarchical society without laws or governance.
b) States form a society bound by common rules and institutions that facilitate coexistence and cooperation.
c) Global politics is primarily driven by economic and social class conflicts.
d) International relations are a reflection of domestic political structures.
Correct Answer: b) States form a society bound by common rules and institutions that facilitate coexistence and cooperation.
105. Who among the following scholars argued for a ‘dialogue among civilizations’ as an alternative to the ‘clash of civilizations’ theory?
a) Francis Fukuyama
b) Edward Said
c) Samuel Huntington
d) Amartya Sen
Correct Answer: d) Amartya Sen
106. Cynthia Enloe’s research in International Relations emphasizes the importance of considering which of the following in the study of global politics?
a) Military strategies
b) Gender analysis
c) Economic policies
d) Technological advancements
Correct Answer: b) Gender analysis
107. ‘Man, the State, and War’ by Kenneth Waltz is known for introducing which significant theoretical framework in International Relations?
a) Three levels of analysis: individual, state, and international system
b) The concept of structural realism or neorealism
c) The theory of democratic peace
d) The analysis of power transitions in global politics
Correct Answer: a) Three levels of analysis: individual, state, and international system
108. Which scholar is associated with the concept of ‘soft power’, arguing that states can use cultural and ideological influence as a means of non-coercive power in international relations?
a) Joseph Nye
b) Samuel Huntington
c) Francis Fukuyama
d) Robert Keohane
Correct Answer: a) Joseph Nye
109. In ‘The Clash of Civilizations’, Samuel Huntington argues that future conflicts will be based primarily on:
a) Economic disparities
b) Ideological differences
c) Civilizational and cultural differences
d) Territorial disputes
Correct Answer: c) Civilizational and cultural differences
110. Which concept, developed by Robert Keohane after the Cold War, describes the ability of international institutions to influence state behavior?
a) Neorealism
c) Constructivism
d) Liberal institutionalism
Correct Answer: d) Liberal institutionalism
111. Who among the following scholars is known for their critique of the rationalist models of decision-making in international relations, emphasizing the role of psychological factors in the policy-making process?
a) Robert Jervis
b) Alexander Wendt
c) Kenneth Waltz
d) Joseph Nye
Correct Answer: a) Robert Jervis
112. The concept of ‘epistemic communities’, which refers to networks of knowledge-based experts that influence international policy, was popularized by:
a) Peter Haas
b) Ernst Haas
c) Robert Keohane
d) John Ruggie
Correct Answer: a) Peter Haas
113. Which theory posits that international systems characterized by a single dominant power (hegemon) are more likely to remain stable than those with multiple competing great powers?
a) Balance of power theory
b) Hegemonic stability theory
c) Power transition theory
d) Realism
Correct Answer: b) Hegemonic stability theory
114. Michael Doyle’s work on the ‘Democratic Peace Theory’ is influenced by the philosophical ideas of which Enlightenment thinker?
a) John Locke
c) Immanuel Kant
d) Voltaire
Correct Answer: c) Immanuel Kant
115. According to Barry Buzan, the concept of ‘security’ in international relations should be broadened beyond military aspects to include which of the following dimensions?
a) Political, economic, societal, and environmental
b) Cultural, technological, and ideological
c) Legal, educational, and administrative
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: a) Political, economic, societal, and environmental
116. Which scholar is particularly noted for their analysis of the role of transnational actors in the spread of liberal norms and human rights?
a) Kathryn Sikkink
b) Martha Finnemore
c) Thomas Risse
d) Anne-Marie Slaughter
Correct Answer: a) Kathryn Sikkink
117. The idea of ’embedded liberalism’ proposes that:
a) International economic systems should be deeply integrated without any barriers.
b) States should combine free trade with domestic welfare measures.
c) Liberalism needs to be protected from the corrosive effects of globalization.
d) Political liberalism is incompatible with economic liberalism.
Correct Answer: b) States should combine free trade with domestic welfare measures.
118. Which International Relations theory argues that the structure of the international system forces states to behave in certain ways, particularly focusing on the distribution of power among states?
a) Constructivism
b) Functionalism
c) Neorealism
d) Liberalism
Correct Answer: c) Neorealism
119. Who developed the concept of ‘strategic restraint’ as a way for the United States to manage its foreign policy post-Cold War?
a) Joseph Nye
b) John Ikenberry
c) Barry Posen
d) Richard Haass
Correct Answer: c) Barry Posen
120. ‘The End of History and the Last Man’ by Francis Fukuyama argues that:
a) The end of the Cold War represents the endpoint of mankind’s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government.
b) History is cyclical, and no political system can last forever.
c) International conflicts will continue indefinitely because of the inherent aggressiveness of states.
d) Liberal democracy will eventually give way to anarchy as states fail to deal with global challenges.
Correct Answer: a) The end of the Cold War represents the endpoint of mankind’s ideological evolution and the universalization of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government.
121. Which theorist is particularly noted for their critique of the neoliberal economic order and its impact on global politics?
a) Susan Strange
b) Robert Keohane
c) Joseph Nye
d) Immanuel Wallerstein
Correct Answer: a) Susan Strange
122. True or False: The ‘Security Dilemma’ is a theoretical concept in International Relations that posits that the actions taken by a state to increase its own security often lead to decreases in other states’ security, thus increasing overall instability.
a) True
b) False
Correct Answer: a) True
123. Which International Relations scholar is known for developing the concept of ‘Linkage Politics’?
a) James Rosenau
b) Henry Kissinger
c) Alexander Wendt
d) Kenneth Waltz
Correct Answer: a) James Rosenau
124. “Perceptions and Misperceptions in International Politics” by Robert Jervis explores what primary theme?
a) The influence of international law on state behavior
b) The role of misperceptions and psychological biases in decision-making by state leaders
c) The impact of economic interdependence on international conflict
d) The effectiveness of international organizations in mitigating conflicts
Correct Answer: b) The role of misperceptions and psychological biases in decision-making by state leaders
125. Which International Relations theory emphasizes that international institutions can mitigate the anarchic nature of the international system, promoting cooperation and reducing conflict among states?
a) Realism
b) Liberalism
c) Neoliberal institutionalism
d) Constructivism
Correct Answer: c) Neoliberal institutionalism
126. Which scholar argued that power in international politics could not only be assessed in terms of military and economic capabilities but should also include factors such as stability, competence, and national image?
a) Joseph Nye
b) Hans Morgenthau
c) Samuel Huntington
d) Robert Keohane
Correct Answer: a) Joseph Nye
127. ‘Power and Interdependence’ was written by which two scholars, and it introduced a more complex view of international relations beyond the traditional power politics?
a) Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye
b) Kenneth Waltz and John Mearsheimer
c) Alexander Wendt and Michael Barnett
d) Samuel Huntington and Francis Fukuyama
Correct Answer: a) Robert Keohane and Joseph Nye
128. Who is known for their work on ‘strategic restraint’, advocating for a more moderate and calculated use of power by great powers in the international system?
a) Barry Posen
b) John Ikenberry
c) Robert Art
d) Stephen Walt
Correct Answer: a) Barry Posen
129. The concept of ‘Normative Power Europe’ refers to the ability of the European Union to shape the norms of international relations. Who is credited with developing this concept?
a) Ian Manners
b) Thomas Diez
c) Friedrich Kratochwil
d) Robert Cooper
Correct Answer: a) Ian Manners
130. Which theory posits that international conflicts are likely to occur in regions where power is equally distributed among local powers, leading to uncertainty and competition?
a) Balance of power theory
b) Power transition theory
c) Offshore balancing
d) Shatterbelt theory
Correct Answer: d) Shatterbelt theory
131. Who among the following scholars is noted for their argument that globalization has fundamentally altered the nature of the nation-state, making it less relevant in international politics?
a) Susan Strange
b) Kenichi Ohmae
c) Joseph Stiglitz
d) Manuel Castells
Correct Answer: b) Kenichi Ohmae
132. Which International Relations theorist is best known for their development of ‘Regime Theory’, which looks at norms and rules in specific international issue areas like the environment or trade?
a) Stephen Krasner
b) Robert Keohane
c) John Ruggie
d) Oran Young
Correct Answer: a) Stephen Krasner
133. ‘Dependent Development’ describes the situation in which the economies of less developed countries are conditioned by the development and expansion of more developed countries. Which scholar is associated with this theory?
a) Fernando Henrique Cardoso
b) Andre Gunder Frank
c) Immanuel Wallerstein
d) Peter Evans
Correct Answer: d) Peter Evans
134. Which theorist’s work on ‘The Anarchical Society’ challenges the realist notion that international politics is a realm of power and fear, suggesting instead that there is an international society with its own rules and norms?
a) Hedley Bull
b) Martin Wight
c) John Vincent
d) Terry Nardin
Correct Answer: a) Hedley Bull
135. ‘The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World Order’ argues that future geopolitical conflicts will be driven by:
a) Economic disparities
b) Ideological differences
c) Civilizational divisions
d) Territorial disputes
Correct Answer: c) Civilizational divisions
136. Which scholar, best known for their theory on the ‘Democratic Peace’, argues that liberal democracies are less likely to engage in war with each other?
a) Michael Doyle
b) Bruce Russett
c) John Owen
d) Immanuel Kant
Correct Answer: b) Bruce Russett
137. ‘The End of History and the Last Man’ by Francis Fukuyama suggests that:
a) The historical process will continue to be marked by significant ideological conflicts.
b) The worldwide spread of liberal democracies and free-market capitalism may signal the endpoint of humanity’s sociocultural evolution.
c) Future wars will be fought primarily over resources rather than ideologies.
d) The nation-state will become obsolete in the face of globalizing forces.
Correct Answer: b) The worldwide spread of liberal democracies and free-market capitalism may signal the endpoint of humanity’s sociocultural evolution.
138. In ‘The Concept of the Political’, Carl Schmitt argues that the political is defined by the distinction between:
a) Friend and enemy
b) Right and wrong
c) Domestic and foreign
d) Civil and military
Correct Answer: a) Friend and enemy
139. ‘Culture and International Relations’ by J. Ann Tickner focuses on how cultural differences influence:
a) Economic policies
b) Diplomatic negotiations
c) Political strategies
d) International interactions
Correct Answer: d) International interactions
140. What is the main argument of Robert Cox in ‘Production, Power, and World Order’ regarding the relationship between production and global power structures?
a) Economic factors are more important than political factors in determining a country’s power.
b) Production relations fundamentally shape both domestic and international power configurations.
c) Military power is the most significant factor in the production of global order.
d) Cultural and ideological production is key to understanding world politics.
Correct Answer: b) Production relations fundamentally shape both domestic and international power configurations.
141. Who coined the term “bandwagoning” in the context of international alliances, and what does it mean?
a) Kenneth Waltz; it refers to smaller states aligning with larger powers for protection
b) Stephen Walt; it describes the strategy of states joining a coalition with the stronger side in a conflict
c) John Mearsheimer; it implies that states will always seek to gain power at the expense of others
d) Robert Keohane; it suggests that states cooperate based on the economic benefits they expect to gain
Correct Answer: b) Stephen Walt; it describes the strategy of states joining a coalition with the stronger side in a conflict
142. The concept of “anarchical society” was popularized by which International Relations theorist through his book of the same name?
a) Barry Buzan
b) Hedley Bull
c) Martin Wight
d) Robert Keohane
Correct Answer: b) Hedley Bull
143. What is the core premise of Immanuel Wallerstein’s “World-Systems Theory”?
a) The global economic system is divided into core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries
b) Democratic states are inherently peaceful and less likely to go to war with each other
c) International organizations hold the power to govern states’ actions on the global stage
d) Technology and information flows are the main drivers of international relations in the modern era
Correct Answer: a) The global economic system is divided into core, semi-periphery, and periphery countries
144. Robert Cox’s theory of social forces, states, and world orders is grounded in which broader theoretical framework?
a) Liberalism
b) Neorealism
c) Marxism
d) Constructivism
Correct Answer: c) Marxism
145. “The Twenty Years’ Crisis” by E.H. Carr critiques which predominant theory of his time?
a) Realism
b) Idealism
c) Constructivism
d) Liberalism
Correct Answer: b) Idealism
146. According to Joseph Nye’s concept of “Soft Power,” which of the following is NOT a primary resource?
a) Cultural appeal
b) Military capability
c) Political values
d) Foreign policies
Correct Answer: b) Military capability
147. Which theorist is associated with the concept of “Defensive Realism” and argues that states seek enough power to be secure rather than maximizing power?
a) John Mearsheimer
b) Kenneth Waltz
c) Stephen Walt
d) Barry Posen
Correct Answer: b) Kenneth Waltz
148. “Governance Without Government” co-authored by James Rosenau, advances which concept in International Relations?
a) The role of non-state actors in world politics is becoming increasingly significant
b) International law is the only way to manage international disputes effectively
c) Global governance can only be achieved through the dominance of a single superpower
d) Traditional state-centric views of international politics are adequate for the modern world
Correct Answer: a) The role of non-state actors in world politics is becoming increasingly significant
149. Who is credited with developing the “English School” of International Relations, which emphasizes the international system, international society, and world society as the three principal analytical frameworks?
a) Hedley Bull
b) Martin Wight
c) Barry Buzan
d) John Vincent
Correct Answer: c) Barry Buzan
150. “The Power of Human Rights” edited by Thomas Risse, Stephen Ropp, and Kathryn Sikkink, focuses on which concept?
a) The ability of international human rights norms to influence state behavior
b) The decline of state sovereignty in the face of global human rights campaigns
c) The ineffectiveness of international law in protecting human rights
d) The role of the United Nations in enforcing human rights around the world
Correct Answer: a) The ability of international human rights norms to influence state behavior
151. What is the primary focus of the theory of Realism in International Relations?
a) The role of international organizations in maintaining peace
b) The impact of economic interdependencies on state behavior
c) The importance of power and security for states in an anarchic international system
d) The influence of cultural and societal norms on state actions
Correct Answer: c) The importance of power and security for states in an anarchic international system
152. Who is credited with the concept of the ‘End of History’?
a) Samuel Huntington
b) Francis Fukuyama
c) John Mearsheimer
d) Robert Keohane
Correct Answer: b) Francis Fukuyama
153. What does the term ‘bipolarity’ refer to in the context of International Relations?
a) A global order where two states hold the majority of economic power
b) A world divided into two broad ideological spheres
c) A power structure dominated by two superpowers
d) The psychological state of national leaders in international negotiations
Correct Answer: c) A power structure dominated by two superpowers
154. Which International Relations theory emphasizes the role of shared values and norms in promoting cooperation among states?
a) Realism
b) Liberalism
c) Constructivism
d) Marxism
Correct Answer: c) Constructivism
155. The ‘Democratic Peace Theory’ proposes that democracies:
a) Rarely engage in war with each other
b) Are more likely to initiate wars than authoritarian states
c) Have weaker military capabilities than non-democracies
d) Focus primarily on economic sanctions rather than military solutions
Correct Answer: a) Rarely engage in war with each other
156. What is the ‘Balance of Power’ theory in International Relations?
a) A theory that all nations have equal power
b) The idea that peace can be maintained when military capabilities are distributed so that no single state dominates all others
c) A legal framework that ensures all nations have equal rights
d) A cultural approach to managing international conflicts
Correct Answer: b) The idea that peace can be maintained when military capabilities are distributed so that no single state dominates all others
157. Who developed the ‘Complex Interdependence’ model along with Robert Keohane?
a) Joseph Nye
b) John Ikenberry
c) Stephen Walt
d) Alexander Wendt
Correct Answer: a) Joseph Nye
158. Which of the following best describes the principle of ‘Collective Security’?
a) An alliance formed for mutual defense against a specific threat
b) A security regime agreed upon by the international community to prevent the outbreak of conflicts
c) A policy of deterrence that relies on the threat of retaliation
d) An economic strategy to improve the defense industry of a country
Correct Answer: b) A security regime agreed upon by the international community to prevent the outbreak of conflicts
159. What is the main argument of Robert Gilpin’s ‘War and Change in World Politics’?
a) International relations are static and rarely change over time
b) War is a natural consequence of changes in the international power structure
c) Economic factors are the only cause of war
d) Cultural and ideological differences are the root causes of most wars
Correct Answer: b) War is a natural consequence of changes in the international power structure
160. The theory of ‘Neorealism’ is primarily associated with which scholar?
a) John Mearsheimer
b) Kenneth Waltz
c) Robert Keohane
d) Joseph Nye
Correct Answer: b) Kenneth Waltz
161. Which scholar introduced the concept of ‘The Clash of Civilizations’?
a) Francis Fukuyama
b) Samuel Huntington
c) Robert Keohane
d) Joseph Nye
Correct Answer: b) Samuel Huntington
162. What is the key premise of ‘Liberal Institutionalism’?
a) States are inherently aggressive and seek power.
b) International institutions play a critical role in fostering cooperation among states.
c) Economic interdependencies are the central force in international relations.
d) Cultural factors are the primary determinants of state behavior.
Correct Answer: b) International institutions play a critical role in fostering cooperation among states.
163. What does the concept of ‘Soft Power’ involve?
a) The ability to influence others through coercion or payment.
b) The use of military force to achieve national interests.
c) The capacity to persuade others to do what one wants without coercion or payment.
d) The reliance on economic sanctions to influence other nations.
Correct Answer: c) The capacity to persuade others to do what one wants without coercion or payment.
164. Which theory argues that global capitalism creates a division between developed core countries and less developed periphery countries?
b) Realism
c) Constructivism
d) Liberalism
Correct Answer: a) Dependency Theory
165. Who developed the concept of the ‘Security Community’ where states integrate to the point of no longer considering each other as potential adversaries?
a) Karl Deutsch
b) Immanuel Kant
c) Robert Keohane
d) Alexander Wendt
Correct Answer: a) Karl Deutsch
166. What principle is central to the theory of ‘Constructivism’ in International Relations?
a) International politics is shaped by persuasive ideas, collective values, culture, and social identities.
b) The international system is anarchic and dominated by states acting in their self-interest.
c) Economic structures determine political structures on the international stage.
d) Military power is the primary form of power in international relations.
Correct Answer: a) International politics is shaped by persuasive ideas, collective values, culture, and social identities.
167. Which International Relations concept describes the decreasing relevance of geographical distance due to technological advances?
a) The End of Geography
b) Global Village
c) Time-Space Compression
d) Deterritorialization
Correct Answer: c) Time-Space Compression
168. What does the term ‘Unipolarity’ refer to in International Relations?
a) A global system dominated by a single superpower.
b) A balance of power between Eastern and Western blocs.
c) An international system with no predominant power.
d) A world system with multiple competing great powers.
Correct Answer: a) A global system dominated by a single superpower.
169. Who is known for theorizing about the ‘Expansionist Theory’ of state growth in International Relations?
a) Friedrich Ratzel
b) John A. Agnew
c) Alexander Wendt
d) Immanuel Wallerstein
Correct Answer: a) Friedrich Ratzel
170. What is the main argument of the book ‘The Clash of Civilizations’ by Samuel Huntington?
a) Global politics is returning to a state of multipolarity.
b) Future conflicts will be primarily cultural rather than ideological or economic.
c) The international system will evolve into a global government.
d) Democracies will eventually dominate global politics, eliminating conflict.
Correct Answer: b) Future conflicts will be primarily cultural rather than ideological or economic.
171. Which theory posits that the nature of the international system is defined by its structure, characterized by the distribution of power among states?
a) Realism
b) Liberalism
c) Structuralism
d) Neorealism
Correct Answer: d) Neorealism
172. Who argued that the spread of liberal democracy leads to a decrease in conflict because liberal democracies do not go to war with each other?
a) Michael Doyle
b) Immanuel Kant
c) Francis Fukuyama
d) John Mearsheimer
Correct Answer: a) Michael Doyle
173. What concept is associated with the reduction of traditional barriers between states due to increased trade and cultural exchange?
a) Globalization
b) Nationalism
c) Protectionism
d) Isolationism
Correct Answer: a) Globalization
174. Which term describes the process where non-state actors become increasingly powerful in international politics, challenging the state-centric model of international relations?
a) Transnationalism
b) Supranationalism
c) Decentralization
d) Devolution
Correct Answer: a) Transnationalism
175. The ‘Melian Dialogue’ famously illustrates which principle of political realism?
a) The strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must.
b) Democracies are inherently more peaceful.
c) Economic power is more important than military power.
d) Alliances are temporary and based solely on power.
Correct Answer: a) The strong do what they can and the weak suffer what they must.
176. What is the primary concern of the ‘Security Dilemma’ in international relations?
a) States’ actions to secure themselves tend to increase insecurity for others.
b) Economic sanctions often lead to military conflicts.
c) Cultural misunderstandings lead to diplomatic incidents.
d) International organizations fail to protect smaller states.
Correct Answer: a) States’ actions to secure themselves tend to increase insecurity for others.
177. Which concept refers to the study of the causes and consequences of peace in international relations?
a) Peace studies
b) Conflict resolution
c) War theory
d) Diplomatic studies
Correct Answer: a) Peace studies
178. ‘The End of History and the Last Man’ argues that:
a) The world will return to a Cold War-like state.
b) Ideological evolution will culminate in universal liberal democracy.
c) Technology will eventually cause the collapse of global civilizations.
d) Nations will dissolve into city-states as globalization progresses.
Correct Answer: b) Ideological evolution will culminate in universal liberal democracy.
179. What is ‘detente’?
a) The escalation of military tensions between superpowers.
b) A policy aimed at easing geopolitical tensions.
c) A strategy for rapid military escalation.
d) An economic strategy to combat inflation.
Correct Answer: b) A policy aimed at easing geopolitical tensions.
180. Who developed the ‘Theory of Complex Interdependence’?
a) Kenneth Waltz and John Mearsheimer
b) Joseph Nye and Robert Keohane
c) Hans Morgenthau and Henry Kissinger
d) Alexander Wendt and Emanuel Adler
Correct Answer: b) Joseph Nye and Robert Keohane
181. Which theory suggests that international institutions can help mitigate the anarchic nature of the international system by encouraging cooperation?
a) Liberalism
b) Realism
c) Neoliberalism
d) Constructivism
Correct Answer: c) Neoliberalism
182. Who is associated with the development of the ‘Balance of Threat’ theory within the realm of international relations?
a) Stephen Walt
b) John Mearsheimer
c) Kenneth Waltz
d) Joseph Nye
Correct Answer: a) Stephen Walt
183. The concept of ‘The Third World’ originated during the Cold War to describe countries that:
a) Were aligned with NATO
b) Were aligned with the Warsaw Pact
c) Were not aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact
d) Had nuclear capabilities
Correct Answer: c) Were not aligned with either NATO or the Warsaw Pact
184. ‘Orientalism’ by Edward Said critiques which aspect of Western scholarship?
a) Its economic theories
b) Its portrayal of Eastern societies
c) Its interpretation of democratic systems
d) Its military strategies
Correct Answer: b) Its portrayal of Eastern societies
185. What does the ‘Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty’ aim to prevent?
a) The spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear technology
b) The use of chemical and biological weapons
c) The militarization of outer space
d) Cyber warfare among nations
Correct Answer: a) The spread of nuclear weapons and nuclear technology
186. Who proposed the ‘End of Geography’ idea, suggesting that physical location is increasingly irrelevant in the context of global economic processes?
a) Francis Fukuyama
b) Kenichi Ohmae
c) Thomas Friedman
d) Joseph Stiglitz
Correct Answer: b) Kenichi Ohmae
187. Which international theory posits that states must always be prepared to defend themselves, as no other state can be trusted to guarantee their security?
a) Liberalism
b) Realism
c) Neorealism
d) Constructivism
Correct Answer: b) Realism
188. Which principle underlies the ‘Truman Doctrine’ articulated during the early Cold War?
a) Supporting economic development in post-colonial states
b) Containing the spread of communism
c) Promoting free trade globally
d) Strengthening military alliances in Western Europe
Correct Answer: b) Containing the spread of communism
189. ‘The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere’ by Jürgen Habermas explores how public communication has evolved. What does it suggest about modern societies?
a) They are dominated by state propaganda
b) They are increasingly fragmented and polarized
c) They are characterized by rational-critical debate
d) They are controlled by corporate interests
Correct Answer: c) They are characterized by rational-critical debate
190. What does Francis Fukuyama mean by the ‘End of History’?
a) The cessation of all international conflict
b) The ultimate triumph of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government
c) The conclusion of traditional geopolitical competition
d) The stagnation of technological and scientific progress
Correct Answer: b) The ultimate triumph of Western liberal democracy as the final form of human government
191. What is ‘Economic Structuralism’ in the context of International Relations?
a) A focus on the economic underpinnings of international power structures
b) A belief in the power of free markets to shape international relations
c) The study of how international norms evolve over time
d) An analysis of how political ideologies influence economic policies
Correct Answer: a) A focus on the economic underpinnings of international power structures
192. Which principle is most closely associated with the concept of ‘Human Security’?
a) Protection of individuals from political violence
b) Ensuring global economic stability
c) Spreading democratic governance
d) Promoting international peace through military strength
Correct Answer: a) Protection of individuals from political violence
193. Which theory explains international relations primarily through the lens of class struggle and economic exploitation?
a) Liberalism
b) Constructivism
c) Marxism
d) Feminism
Correct Answer: c) Marxism
194. ‘The Responsibility to Protect’ (R2P) doctrine is designed to address which issue?
a) The spread of nuclear weapons
b) State sovereignty over natural resources
c) International intervention in cases of mass atrocities
d) The regulation of international trade disputes
Correct Answer: c) International intervention in cases of mass atrocities
195. Which of the following best describes ‘International Political Economy’ (IPE)?
a) The study of political institutions around the world
b) The analysis of economic policies within individual sovereign states
c) The intersection of politics and economics on a global scale
d) A field focused solely on the economic impact of international wars
Correct Answer: c) The intersection of politics and economics on a global scale
