The question of whether there should be ethical limitations on biotechnology and bioengineering is a complex and multifaceted one, with no easy or one-size-fits-all answer. Biotechnology and bioengineering have the potential to bring about tremendous benefits to humanity, from improving healthcare and agriculture to addressing environmental challenges. However, they also raise significant ethical concerns that…

The central problem in the study of economic development in the twentieth century is how to explain the underdevelopment of the majority of the world’s population in the face of the economic development of a small minority. This problem has been obscured by the conventional wisdom that the development of the rich countries is the…

While working for the CIA and later as a subcontractor for the NSA, Edward Snowden uncovered a global surveillance system used by the US and UK to monitor communications worldwide. Despite raising concerns within his organization, he leaked classified documents to journalists, exposing privacy violations. Snowden faced legal charges and sought asylum in Russia to…

Whistle-blowing refers to the act of disclosing secret information within a private or public organization that is deemed illegal, immoral, illicit, unsafe, or fraudulent.  One of the big questions for our society is how much power should the intelligence community have, and how can we make sure they use that power responsibly. The intelligence community…

Written By Ben Burka/Alan Paul British political scientist David Held while discussing the development of the modern state gives a definition for the concept. The state is a historical phenomenon constructed by human society in different contexts or epochs. It is an apparatus that performs political actions and is different from other organizations existing in…

Multiculturalism celebrates the richness of diverse cultures, fostering unity through respect and understanding, where differences are embraced as a source of strength and collective growth. It promotes a society where individuals of various backgrounds coexist harmoniously, contributing their unique perspectives and experiences to create a vibrant and inclusive community. The term “multiculturalism” was first used in…

Ecologism has emerged as a fully-formed ideology since the 1960s, although it has intellectual roots that can be traced back centuries like other recent ideologies. However, the development of a distinct set of ideas and recommended actions is a recent development. It is important to differentiate ecologism from environmentalism, as environmentalists primarily focus on protecting…

Comparative political analysis is currently facing multiple crises, including self-definition, cognitive schemes, academic and political aims, and methodological challenges. There are concerns about what makes comparative politics uniquely susceptible to recurring crises. The first crisis, famously known in the field’s history, occurred in 1955 when Roy Macridis criticized the parochial, descriptive, formalistic, and individualistic nature…

Marxism, a rich intellectual tradition concerning social thought, takes its name from Karl Marx (1818-83), who, along with Friedrich Engels, made significant contributions to this theory. Marxism encompasses both economic and socio-political perspectives, offering an ideological framework for transforming and enhancing society through the implementation of socialism. Origin to Marxism Marxism emerged in the mid-nineteenth…

International relations are influenced by various actors, factors, and dynamics. When it comes to shaping foreign policy, ideologies play a crucial role, acting as a guiding light, a shield, or a spotlight for nations. Throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, two dominant ideologies emerged: Idealism and realism. India has consistently pursued its international relations and…

  Kautilya, also known as Chanakya, was an influential thinker who played a crucial role in shaping the theories of statecraft, diplomacy, strategy, and power. His seminal work, Arthashastra, written around 300 B.C., predates the works of Western thinkers such as Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Thucydides, making him the first realist thinker. In his book “World…

 Is dependency perspective a valid alternative to modernization perspective? Examine the main aspects or points of debate between the two in relation to developing countries. The end of World War II brought significant changes to global affairs. The United States emerged as a dominant economic and military power after defeating the Axis powers, while facing…

New Public Management (NPM) has become a significant trend in public administration worldwide over the past 15 years. While most research on this topic focuses on the UK, NPM is not exclusive to Britain.   The rise of NPM can be linked to four major administrative trends: ●        Efforts to reduce government growth in terms…

Realism is a perspective that views world politics as an ongoing struggle between self-interested states seeking power and influence in a state of anarchy. Each state competes for its own national interests. This paradigm emerged as a response to idealism in the period between World War I and World War II. Realists criticized idealists for…

The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) emerged during the Cold War as a coalition of nations advocating for Peace and independence from the major power blocs. Today, NAM continues to hold relevance by promoting multilateralism, South-South cooperation, and the pursuit of global peace, development, and the protection of sovereign rights in an ever-changing world  The NAM, consisting…

Studying political theory provides a deeper understanding of the foundations, principles, and dynamics of political systems, enabling individuals to critically analyze and engage with political issues, institutions, and policies in order to contribute to informed decision-making and positive societal change.         Political theory is a branch of political science that explores and…